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		<title>OpenAI&#8217;s advertising billion arrives as Apple and SpaceX tighten the screws</title>
		<link>https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openais-advertising-billion-arrives-as-apple-and-spacex-tighten-the-screws/#utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=openais-advertising-billion-arrives-as-apple-and-spacex-tighten-the-screws</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[International Finance Business Desk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 02:00:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Apple]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Chang Liu]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>A forensic filing in a California courtroom and a severed coding contract with Elon Musk's SpaceX have swallowed the ChatGPT Ads milestone whole</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openais-advertising-billion-arrives-as-apple-and-spacex-tighten-the-screws/">OpenAI&#8217;s advertising billion arrives as Apple and SpaceX tighten the screws</a> appeared first on <a href="https://internationalfinance.com">International Finance</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A forensic filing in a California courtroom and a severed coding contract with Elon Musk&#8217;s SpaceX have swallowed the ChatGPT Ads milestone whole, and dragged a three-year rivalry back into the open</p>
<p>OpenAI picked an awkward week to celebrate.</p>
<p>On August 31 the company announced that ChatGPT Ads had reached USD 1 billion in annualised revenue run rate, roughly 200 days after launch, and opened self-serve buying to advertisers across India, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.</p>
<p>Ads now run in more than 40 countries, served to free-tier and Go subscribers who make up the bulk of ChatGPT&#8217;s roughly one billion weekly users.</p>
<p>It is the sort of number a company publishes when it wants prospective investors to see a business with more than one engine. OpenAI has filed confidentially for a US listing and carries a valuation reported at around USD 852 billion.</p>
<p>Analysts were quick to note the milestone also confirms a miss. <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openai-pushes-child-safety-in-chatgpt-slows-down-model-training/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openai-pushes-child-safety-in-chatgpt-slows-down-model-training/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1788436520726000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1wYEazZ0wFTbcG1SssFRrG"><b>OpenAI</b></a> told investors in April it expected around USD 2.5 billion in advertising revenue this year. A billion-dollar run rate in late August does not get it there.</p>
<p>That, however, was not what dominated the coverage. Two other developments landed in the same 24 hours, and both point at problems that no amount of ad inventory will fix.</p>
<p><b>Apple&#8217;s forensic turn<br />
</b>In a filing in the US District Court for the Northern District of California, Apple alleged that Chang Liu, a former senior system electrical engineer at the iPhone maker and a named defendant in its trade secret case, accessed a power converter circuit schematic while working at OpenAI, and trained an artificial intelligence agent on proprietary Apple material in March 2026.</p>
<p>The sting is in the provenance. Apple said the evidence surfaced on a MacBook that <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openais-hugging-face-hack-leaves-washington-reaching-for-an-off-switch/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openais-hugging-face-hack-leaves-washington-reaching-for-an-off-switch/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1788436520726000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0WkEafvKaK4ukjKapdZs_v"><b>OpenAI</b></a> itself handed over on 21 August as part of the discovery process. Having examined the device, Apple has asked the court to expedite discovery, which is rarely the move of a plaintiff who thinks its case is thin.</p>
<p>Apple sued on July 10, naming OpenAI, its hardware subsidiary io Products, chief hardware officer Tang Yew Tan and Liu.</p>
<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-57916 aligncenter" src="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited.webp" alt="Apple vs OpenAI" width="1000" height="667" srcset="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited.webp 1000w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-300x200.webp 300w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-768x512.webp 768w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-480x320.webp 480w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-280x186.webp 280w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-960x640.webp 960w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-600x400.webp 600w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-new-edited-585x390.webp 585w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p>
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<p>The complaint alleges Liu retained an Apple-issued laptop after leaving in January 2026 and exploited an authentication weakness to pull engineering documents and specifications for unreleased products while already on OpenAI&#8217;s payroll.</p>
<p>Apple further claims OpenAI coached departing staff on how to sidestep exit security procedures, and that it asked hardware partners to apply a metal finishing technique Apple developed while leaving those partners with the impression that permission had been granted.</p>
<p>OpenAI filed a 31-page motion to dismiss on August 5, calling the complaint baseless. A hearing on Apple&#8217;s request for a preliminary injunction is listed for October in San Jose. No court has ruled on the merits of anything.</p>
<p>The commercial relationship survives, uncomfortably.</p>
<p>ChatGPT remains an option inside Siri and Apple Intelligence, and Apple&#8217;s complaint expressly carves the integration agreement out of the dispute. Two companies are litigating over the hardware category that could eventually make that partnership irrelevant, while continuing to earn from it.</p>
<p>The backdrop is OpenAI&#8217;s roughly USD 6.5 billion purchase of io Products in 2025, which put Jony Ive and a cohort of former Apple engineers inside the company that Apple now accuses of systematic misappropriation.</p>
<p><b>The Cursor cutoff<br />
</b>The second development is smaller in dollar terms and considerably larger in what it signals.</p>
<p>On August 28, OpenAI notified <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/transport/spacex-tesla-to-invest-usd-16-8-billion-in-terafab-project-amid-merger-rumours/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://internationalfinance.com/transport/spacex-tesla-to-invest-usd-16-8-billion-in-terafab-project-amid-merger-rumours/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1788436520726000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1P1M_dHpzB2WTZXCrU4ReV"><b>SpaceX</b></a> that it would wind down the contract supplying its models to Cursor, the AI coding editor, with a proposed shutoff date of November 12. It will supply no new models during the wind-down.</p>
<p>Cursor&#8217;s parent, Anysphere, was among OpenAI&#8217;s earliest customers, and the two worked together for close to four years. What changed was the ownership column.</p>
<p>SpaceX announced a USD 60 billion all-stock acquisition of Anysphere on June 16 and completed it on August 14, converting Anysphere stock into roughly 389 million SpaceX Class A shares.</p>
</div>
<div>Cursor, which had climbed from about USD 100 million in annualised revenue in January 2025 to roughly USD 4 billion by mid-2026, now sits inside SpaceX&#8217;s AI division.</div>
<div><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-57917 aligncenter" src="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case.webp" alt="Cursor Case" width="1000" height="667" srcset="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case.webp 1000w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-300x200.webp 300w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-768x512.webp 768w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-480x320.webp 480w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-280x186.webp 280w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-960x640.webp 960w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-600x400.webp 600w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-cursor-case-585x390.webp 585w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></div>
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<p>OpenAI&#8217;s stated reason was trust rather than performance. It said it could not be confident SpaceX would use its technology within its terms of service, citing a history of contract breaches at Musk-owned businesses.</p>
<p>The company pointed to Twitter&#8217;s (now X) conduct after Musk&#8217;s takeover and, more pointedly, to Musk&#8217;s own admission under oath earlier this year that xAI had violated those terms.</p>
<p>It also invoked its forthcoming model, Astra, which OpenAI said in August may reach the critical cyber capability threshold under its own preparedness framework, as <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/technology/white-houses-tech-lock-and-key-strategy-shifts-to-openai/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://internationalfinance.com/technology/white-houses-tech-lock-and-key-strategy-shifts-to-openai/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1788436520726000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3nHBUIeQjqRRYkUDHatAXA"><b>grounds for tighter control</b></a> over who receives access.</p>
<p>Its custom agreement with Cursor, it noted, allowed only a narrow window to cancel following a change of control, and it used the full notice period available.</p>
<p>Cursor co-founder Michael Truell, now a SpaceX executive, was conciliatory, saying OpenAI models account for roughly 5% of Cursor traffic and that discussions were under way.</p>
<p>Musk was not. On X he said he could not care less, described Altman and OpenAI president Greg Brockman as untrustworthy, and repeated his charge that the pair took an open source nonprofit.</p>
<p>Anthropic moved within hours, with co-founder Tom Brown signalling additional compute for Claude models inside Cursor.</p>
<p><b>A decade of grievance<br />
</b>To understand why a routine contract termination read as an act of war, you have to go back to 2015.</p>
<p>Musk and Altman founded OpenAI together that year as a nonprofit, explicitly to stop advanced AI ending up under the control of any single company. Musk contributed tens of millions of dollars. By 2017 the founders had concluded they could neither raise the capital nor recruit the researchers needed to compete without a commercial arm.</p>
<p>Musk accepted the diagnosis but wanted the cure on his own terms, proposing either a majority stake in the for-profit entity or folding the whole thing into Tesla.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-57918 aligncenter" src="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit.webp" alt="Apple vs OpenAI" width="1000" height="667" srcset="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit.webp 1000w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-300x200.webp 300w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-768x512.webp 768w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-480x320.webp 480w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-280x186.webp 280w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-960x640.webp 960w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-600x400.webp 600w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-apple-vs-openai-lawsuit-585x390.webp 585w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p>
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<p>Altman, Brockman and Ilya Sutskever refused. Musk left the board in 2018, took talent with him and stopped the donations he had promised.</p>
<p>The grievance stayed largely private for five years. It went public in July 2023 with the launch of xAI, and became litigious in February 2024, when Musk sued in California state court.</p>
<p>He withdrew that case in June and refiled in federal court in August, alleging that Altman and Brockman had manipulated him into bankrolling a charity they then converted for personal enrichment.</p>
<p>January 2025 added the personal insult. Altman appeared alongside Donald Trump to announce Stargate, a USD 500 billion AI infrastructure programme, without warning Musk, who was by then running the Department of Government Efficiency.</p>
<p>Weeks later a Musk-led consortium bid USD 97.4 billion for OpenAI&#8217;s assets. The board rejected it within hours. Altman replied on X with an offer to buy Twitter for USD 9.74 billion, a number chosen for the joke.</p>
<p>OpenAI countersued in April 2025, calling the bid a feint and describing a sustained campaign of harassment waged through press attacks, a pretextual records demand and posts to more than 200 million followers on a platform Musk owns.</p>
<p>A judge let those counterclaims proceed in August 2025, and they remain live.</p>
<p>Then the fronts multiplied. In August 2025, xAI and X sued Apple and OpenAI in Texas, arguing that the Siri partnership made it impossible for any rival assistant to reach the top of the App Store.</p>
<p>A month later xAI sued OpenAI over engineer poaching and trade secrets. That case was dismissed in February 2026 with leave to amend, dismissed again in June without it, and is now before the Ninth Circuit. The antitrust case survived dismissal in November 2025 and is still running.</p>
<p><b>The trial that settled nothing<br />
</b>The main event opened in Oakland on 28 April 2026, with Musk seeking as much as USD 134.5 billion from OpenAI and Microsoft.</p>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>Three weeks of testimony put Altman, Brockman, Satya Nadella and Musk himself on the stand, and produced one genuinely uncomfortable moment on  April 30, when Musk conceded under cross-examination that xAI had partly used OpenAI&#8217;s outputs to train its own models. Distillation, he argued, was standard industry practice.</div>
<div><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-57919 aligncenter" src="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman.webp" alt="Elan Musk vs Sam Altman" width="1000" height="1500" srcset="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman.webp 1000w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-200x300.webp 200w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-683x1024.webp 683w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-768x1152.webp 768w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-960x1440.webp 960w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-267x400.webp 267w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-elon-musk-vs-sam-altman-585x878.webp 585w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></div>
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<p>On 18 May a nine-person advisory jury took under two hours to find that Musk had waited too long to sue.</p>
<p>Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers adopted the verdict and dismissed the claims from the bench.</p>
<p>Nobody ruled on whether Altman and Brockman had actually broken a promise. Musk called it a calendar technicality and confirmed an appeal.</p>
<p>That outcome explains almost everything since. The verdict removed the last serious threat to OpenAI&#8217;s corporate structure ahead of a listing, but it left the accusation entirely intact and Musk free to keep repeating it.</p>
<p>By July the two were trading insults on X, Musk reviving his scammer nickname, Altman needling him over orbital data centres, Musk suggesting Altman might one day need a parole officer.</p>
</div>
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<p>When Apple sued in July, Musk amplified it within days.</p>
<p><b>Leverage, not lawsuits<br />
</b>Musk&#8217;s position has changed materially in the interim. SpaceX absorbed xAI in February 2026 in a deal valuing the combined group at USD 1.25 trillion, listed on June 12 in the largest IPO on record, and moved on Cursor four days later.</p>
<p>The man suing OpenAI over its commercialisation now runs a public conglomerate spanning rockets, satellites, a social network, a frontier lab and the leading AI coding tool.</p>
<p>That is why the Cursor decision matters beyond its size. Model access has quietly become leverage. Anthropic cut OpenAI off from Claude in August 2025 and later restricted xAI.</p>
<p>OpenAI has now done the same to a Musk-owned business. Each move was defensible on its own terms. Together they establish that a frontier lab will treat supply as a strategic instrument, and that a change of control can rewrite a critical dependency without warning.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-57920 aligncenter" src="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits.webp" alt="OpenAI Lawsuits" width="1000" height="1500" srcset="https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits.webp 1000w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-200x300.webp 200w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-683x1024.webp 683w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-768x1152.webp 768w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-960x1440.webp 960w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-267x400.webp 267w, https://internationalfinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/ifm-openai-lawuits-585x878.webp 585w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></p>
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<p>Cursor will probably absorb it. OpenAI serves a twentieth of its traffic, Anthropic is stepping in, and SpaceXAI has its own Grok models to fall back on.</p>
</div>
<div></div>
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<p>The lasting effect will be felt in procurement offices, where single-vendor exposure in the AI stack is about to get a much harder look.</p>
<p>OpenAI, for its part, is holding three things together at once. It wants a clean narrative for public markets. It is defending a trade secret case whose discovery could force disclosure of its hardware roadmap.</p>
<p>And it is managing a rival who lost in court, is appealing, owns the venue where the argument plays out, and now controls a tool its own customers open every morning.</p>
<p>The advertising billion was meant to be the story. It lasted about a day.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>The post <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/technology/openais-advertising-billion-arrives-as-apple-and-spacex-tighten-the-screws/">OpenAI&#8217;s advertising billion arrives as Apple and SpaceX tighten the screws</a> appeared first on <a href="https://internationalfinance.com">International Finance</a>.</p>
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		<title>‘China’s shift to services not good in long run’</title>
		<link>https://internationalfinance.com/economy/chinas-shift-to-services-not-good-in-long-run/#utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=chinas-shift-to-services-not-good-in-long-run</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[International Finance Desk]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2016 10:12:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ANZ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chang Liu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chief Economist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deindustrialisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Glenn Maguire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Goswami Bhattacharya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[growth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HSBC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jing Li]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[labour]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[manufacturing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Qu Hongbin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rural]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suparna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urban]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://142.4.4.69/beta/?p=2404</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The country is going through premature deindustrialisation, say experts Suparna Goswami Bhattacharya August 3, 2016: Of late, China has been less in the news for its ‘slowdown’. Economic activity in the country has stabilised in recent months, mostly on the back of the property market rally and strong infrastructure investments. But, there is another challenge before the economy — slowing growth in labour productivity. The...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/economy/chinas-shift-to-services-not-good-in-long-run/">‘China’s shift to services not good in long run’</a> appeared first on <a href="https://internationalfinance.com">International Finance</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="semiBold13"><strong>The country is going through premature deindustrialisation, say experts</strong></p>
<p><em>Suparna Goswami Bhattacharya</em></p>
<p><strong>August 3, 2016:</strong> Of late, China has been less in the news for its ‘slowdown’. Economic activity in the country has stabilised in recent months, mostly on the back of the property market rally and strong infrastructure investments.</p>
<p>But, there is another challenge before the economy — slowing growth in labour productivity. The country is moving away from manufacturing towards services, a phenomenon which is called deindustrialisation. Though most economies in the world go through this phase, in China’s case it has been ‘premature’.</p>
<p>Deindustrialisation is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It implies that productivity growth through rural-urban labour migration has started to slow, clouding the medium/long-term growth prospects if this trend is entrenched.</p>
<p>Qu Hongbin, chief China economist, HSBC, says both economic theory and empirical evidence suggest that premature deindustrialisation in developing countries can be damaging. “It blocks the main channel of productivity growth, and therefore reduces the economy’s potential growth rate and its prospects of catching up with more advanced economies. Given that China’s GDP per capita is only 14% that of the US, we believe it is way too early to shift towards services-led growth,” says Hongbin.</p>
<p>Around 2008-09, the industrial sector was affected by weakening external demand, which forced China to follow a different path.</p>
<p>Glenn Maguire, chief economist, South Asia, ASEAN and Pacific, ANZ, says, “The model was to shift economic growth away from reliance on exports and investment towards domestic consumption. Aligned with this, the government aimed to accelerate the growth of China’s services industries whilst targeting a reduction in industries suffering from overcapacity or inefficiencies – largely heavy industry associated with infrastructure and industrial production.”</p>
<p>From 2013, the services sector replaced the industrial sector as the biggest contributor to</p>
<p>China’s economic growth. According to data by HSBC, in Q2 2016, the services sector accounted for 51.9% of overall real GDP growth in China, compared with 40.7% for the industrial sector.</p>
<p>The economy obviously saw the benefits of the move. To begin with, the fast expansion in the services sector helped prevent GDP growth from sliding too fast. Between 2012 and 2015, the services sector has maintained robust growth of around 8.1% y-o-y, while output growth in the industrial sector decelerated from 8.2% y-o-y to 6.0%. Therefore, across the same time period, overall GDP growth fell by less than 1ppt (from 7.7% y-o-y to 6.9%), despite the sharp decline in the industrial sector.</p>
<p>According to China economist Chang Liu who works independently, the services sector has been able to maintain employment levels. “Despite slower GDP growth due to the underperforming industrial sector, China maintained healthy growth in jobs at 13m per year, all thanks to the services industry which is more labour intensive than manufacturing,” says Liu.</p>
<p>Though in the short run such a move did prevent a hard landing for China, from a long-term perspective a premature shift to services-sector led growth implies a huge efficiency loss. Jing Li, economist, HSBC, says, “The biggest source of productivity growth comes from the transition of labour from the agricultural sector to non-farm sectors. Therefore, the sector distribution of those migrant workers determines whether the economy is growing in the most efficient manner.” To this extent, this reshuffling towards the service industry means that a less productive sector is replacing the manufacturing sector as the main absorber of rural migrant workers.</p>
<p>An HSBC report states that between 2012 and 2015, the total number of migrant workers in the manufacturing sector declined by nearly seven million, compared with an increase of five million in the three biggest services sectors — wholesale and retail, residential services, transportation and logistics. Based on 2015 statistics, each worker in the manufacturing sector generated RMB45,000 more output than their counterpart in the three biggest services sectors.</p>
<p>Additionally, manufacturing industry is always on tenterhooks since it has to constantly upgrade itself in order to stay competitive and relevant. This improves the overall health of an economy — something very essential for a growing country.</p>
<p>“China still enjoys a high savings rate of nearly 50% of GDP. It is crucial that China does not pursue rebalancing towards consumption and thus lose the window of opportunity to catch up with more advanced economies. To avoid the middle-income trap, China needs to make more efficient investments and continue on the industrialisation path – this will be a challenge,” concludes Hongbin.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://internationalfinance.com/economy/chinas-shift-to-services-not-good-in-long-run/">‘China’s shift to services not good in long run’</a> appeared first on <a href="https://internationalfinance.com">International Finance</a>.</p>
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