The MoU was signed by H.E. Khaled Mohamed Balama, Governor of the Central Bank of the UAE, and Dr. Eli M. Remolona, Jr., Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. The document outlines collaboration between the two central banks in key fintech areas, including open finance and digital assets, in addition to cooperation in the development of the Islamic banking and finance industry.

“Under the MoU, both authorities will work to enable seamless cross-border payment transactions by integrating their instant payment platforms and considering the future option of the interlinking of national card switches and financial messaging systems. This initiative aims to streamline transaction processing and settlement, as well as enhance interoperability and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, it includes the exchange of expertise in developing central bank digital currency (CBDC) platforms for individuals and institutions,” the memorandum stated.

H.E. Khaled Mohamed Balama, during the occasion, said, “This agreement marks a significant step toward building a more connected and innovative financial ecosystem between the UAE and the Philippines. By leveraging advanced payment technologies and sharing expertise, we are laying the foundation for a new era of seamless integration and sustainable, innovation-led economic growth.”

Dr. Eli M. Remolona, Jr., Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, added, “This partnership supports the BSP’s push to digitalise payments and make cross-border transactions more efficient. For Filipinos in the UAE, especially our overseas Filipino workers, this means better remittance channels and more efficient financial services for their families back home. We also see strong opportunities to collaborate in Islamic banking and finance as we work toward a sound and inclusive financial ecosystem.”

While the UAE has consolidated its position as an established name in the Islamic banking space, the Philippines has been steadily opening up the sector to its domestic economy. In February 2026, BSP streamlined the prudential regulatory guidelines for industry expansion.

Under the revised rules, conventional banks that meet the capitalisation requirements of their specific banking category are eligible to operate an IBU (Islamic Banking Unit), encouraging broader participation from conventional banks across all categories.

The BSP has also removed the requirement for IBUs to maintain a separate capital pool, thereby reducing the financial barriers for institutions entering the Sharia-compliant finance market.

To assist new entrants, the BSP has also brought a three-year observation period, which will start from the domestic financial institutions commencing their Islamic banking operations.

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Yemi Kale, Group Chief Economist and Managing Director of Research at Afreximbank, said in the report’s foreword that more than a trade agreement, AfCFTA serves as an economic stabilisation mechanism in a fragmenting world. The official further explained that by expanding intra-African trade and reducing tariff barriers, the continent can decrease its exposure to external shocks (especially geopolitics), while building regional value chains in sectors like agro-processing, pharmaceuticals, and digital services.

Kale, while interacting with Nigerian NewsDirect, emphasised that integration alone is insufficient without adequate trade finance, which he described as a critical transmission channel for real-sector expansion.

He highlighted that African firms, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), remain disproportionately affected by trade finance gaps.

“Bridging these gaps is essential for industrialisation and employment generation, making the strengthening of the continent’s financial architecture a high macroeconomic priority,” he said.

The Afreximbank report sees the overall continental trade growing by 10% in 2026, and despite global geopolitical tensions and trade tariff-related headwinds, African economies have shown significant resilience.

“The continent’s output expanded by 4.2% in 2025, up from 3.4% in 2024, supported by robust domestic demand, strong export performance, service sector growth, and renewed infrastructure investments. However, the economic landscape remains vulnerable due to an overdependence on commodities, which exposes the continent to price volatility,” the report noted.

“Data shows that total trade in 2025 reached USD 1.4 trillion, with intra-African trade accounting for approximately 18% of that figure, bolstered by the ongoing integration efforts under AfCFTA. Africa is well-positioned to enhance its growth prospects through a gradual recovery from recent global shocks. GDP growth is expected to rise marginally to 4.3% in 2026 before expanding to 4.4% in the medium term,” Afreximbank concluded.

The post Trade activities within Africa set to hit USD 230 billion: Afreximbank appeared first on International Finance.

“The DMCC Maritime Centre builds on an established base of more than 150 maritime-related companies operating within the district across shipping, logistics, marine services and trade support. The new centre formalises this activity into a structured, transaction-oriented ecosystem aimed at increasing value capture across maritime trade. It reflects a broader shift in the global shipping industry, where companies are increasingly aligning themselves with jurisdictions that offer a combination of trade flows, access to capital and depth of supporting services,” DMCC said.

Instead of functioning like a regulator or port operator, the centre will serve as a commercial platform bringing together the full architecture surrounding shipping activity, including maritime finance, insurance, legal services, digital documentation, risk management and commercial intelligence.

“In doing so, the Centre is designed to ensure that more of the value generated by global shipping is structured, financed and retained within Dubai. This includes enabling stronger connectivity between shipowners, operators, financiers, insurers, legal advisors and technology providers within a single integrated environment,” DMCC remarked.

“Shipping today is not only about the movement of goods but about how that activity is financed, structured and managed. With the DMCC Maritime Centre, we are building the ecosystem around that reality. We are bringing together the companies, capital and services that sit around maritime trade and creating the conditions for more of that value to be captured here in Dubai,” said Ahmed Bin Sulayem, DMCC’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

“Working in close alignment with DMCC FinX and DMCC Wealth Hub, the Maritime Centre will connect maritime trade with access to capital, financing and risk management, while supporting the structuring and preservation of wealth linked to shipping and trade assets. This is a natural extension of our model, and it reflects the next phase of growth for both DMCC and the wider trade landscape,” the senior official remarked.

The Maritime Centre will operate in close alignment with DMCC’s wider ecosystems, particularly DMCC FinX and DMCC Wealth Hub, creating a more integrated platform around maritime trade. Through FinX, maritime businesses will be able to access capital, financing solutions and risk management tools that will be directly linked to real shipping activities such as vessel finance and freight-related receivables.

The Wealth Hub, on the other hand, will support shipowners, principals and maritime entrepreneurs in structuring and managing capital flow connected to trade and shipping assets. Taking all these divisions together, the centre will create a more complete environment where physical trade, financial structuring and capital preservation will sit within a single, connected ecosystem.

“The formalisation of the Maritime Centre represents the evolution of DMCC’s earlier Dubai Maritime Club, launched in 2016 as a platform for dialogue and industry engagement. The new Centre moves beyond networking to create a fully-fledged economic cluster focused on execution, services and value creation,” the free zone concluded.

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According to Qatar Central Bank’s data, the Sukuk’s maturity periods varied as follows: QR1.5 billion (an addition to an existing issuance) with a maturity date of January 16, 2029, and a yield of 4.5%, and QR1.5 billion (an addition to an existing issuance) with a maturity date of August 24, 2030, and a yield of 4.5%.

In a post on X (formerly Twitter), the bank clarified that total bids for the Sukuk reached approximately QR8 billion. The central financial institution also unveiled support measures for banks in response to Iranian attacks that severely weakened the Gulf’s third-largest economy.

The central bank will now offer unlimited local currency repurchase facilities against eligible securities held by local banks in order to ensure deep liquidity in the local market. This new facility offers maturities of up to three months, enabling Qatari banks to manage cash flow with greater certainty amid the ongoing volatility.

The industry’s senior executives, while interacting with The Banker, also said that Qatar Central Bank would reduce the reserve requirement on deposits from 4.5% to 3.5%, releasing further liquidity into the system. The central bank has been quizzing lenders about their liquidity in past weeks.

Qatar’s economy has been among the worst affected by the ongoing Middle East conflict. An attack from Iran on the Gulf country’s Ras Laffan liquefied natural gas (LNG) production hub knocked out 17% of the nation’s energy export capacity, in addition to creating an estimated annual revenue loss worth USD 20 billion, which may span for the next three to five years.

However, Qatar Central Bank has been proactive in ensuring the banking and finance industry doesn’t feel the heat. It has already permitted banks to offer borrowers the option to defer loan principal and interest payments for a period of up to three months, in accordance with lenders’ existing internal policies and supervisory guidance.

Analysis from S&P Global Ratings projected Qatar and Bahrain as the most vulnerable in the Gulf region to external outflows of foreign and local funding. However, for Qatar, the government has a proven record of supporting both the Islamic banking and the wider finance sector.

“Liquidity continues to be strong, capital levels significantly exceed regulatory requirements, and provisioning provides strong coverage against credit risk. Banks continue to hold substantial liquidity in both domestic and foreign currency, and resources are sufficient to meet customer demand, support normal market activity, and meet any short-term funding pressures under stressed conditions,” QCB said while reacting to the S&P report.

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As Australia continues to be affected by inflationary pressures and global headwinds, Dr John Hawkins has emerged as a prominent voice offering insight into the nation’s outlook.

Dr John Hawkins is the head of the Canberra School of Government at the University of Canberra. He was formerly a senior economist at the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Australian Treasury, and the Bank for International Settlements, and he also served as secretary to the Senate Economics Committee.

In an exclusive interview with International Finance, Dr John Hawkins discusses the economic outlook for Australia, cost-of-living crisis affecting the country, and the Reserve Bank of Australia’s rate hikes. Additionally, he shares his views on economic resilience, the stability of small and medium enterprises, and the debt burden on Australian households.

International Finance: What trends are currently shaping consumer confidence in Australia, and how might they influence spending patterns?

Dr John Hawkins: Consumer confidence is well below its long-term average. The main cause is ‘cost of living’ pressures. The Reserve Bank of Australia’s decision to increase interest rates again at its March meeting, and conjecture that it is likely to move again, could well see consumer confidence slump further.

How is Australia balancing economic growth with sustainability and climate-related challenges?

Australia had introduced an emissions trading scheme, which operated from 2012 to 2014 with a temporary fixed price. It would have allowed greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced in the most efficient manner, but was scrapped following a change of government at the 2013 election. Australia now has a target of reducing emissions by 43% from 2005 levels by 2030 and achieving net zero by 2050. It is being implemented by a range of sectoral plans. Treasury modelling in 2025 concluded the transition is consistent with the Australian economy growing by around 80% from 2025 to 2050.

What impact are recent trade developments having on Australian exporters and importers?

The United States takes less than a tenth of Australian exports, so the direct impact of higher US tariffs is modest. More important will be the impact of US tariffs on China and our other major trading partners.

How resilient is the Australian economy to fluctuations in global commodity prices?

Iron ore, coal and gold are significant sources of export revenue, so commodity price movements are important. But the floating exchange rate serves as a buffer as the Australian dollar tends to depreciate when commodity prices fall.

In what ways are small and medium-sized businesses faring in the current economic climate?

Liaison by the Reserve Bank in 2025 found that, while improving, business conditions for small businesses are weaker than for large businesses. Most small businesses, however, remain profitable and can readily access credit.

How is household debt affecting economic stability and purchasing power in Australia?

Household debt remains high by historical standards. But the debt is concentrated on households that can manage it. Less than 1% of households with home mortgage loans are significantly in arrears.

Are there sectors in Australia that are positioned for growth despite broader economic uncertainty?

Most areas of the economy are likely to keep growing as, unlike some OECD countries, the Australian population is still expanding.

How are wage growth and cost-of-living pressures shaping the everyday experience of Australians?

As evidenced by its being the dominant concern in opinion polls, cost-of-living pressures are weighing heavily on many Australian households. With consumer prices currently growing by 3.8% while wage growth is 3.4%, many Australian households are finding it harder to afford everyday purchases.

What role is technological innovation playing in transforming traditional industries in Australia?

Business investment and firms’ investment intentions have picked up recently. The renewable energy transition and construction of data centres are examples of technological innovations driving this investment.

Looking ahead, what are the most significant challenges and opportunities for Australia’s economic future?

Geopolitical uncertainty is a major challenge. Domestically, Australian productivity growth has been weak in recent years. But the recent re-election of the government with a comfortable majority increases the opportunity for productivity-enhancing economic reforms.

The post Australian households struggle to afford everyday purchases: Dr John Hawkins appeared first on International Finance.

“Japanese Minister of Finance Satsuki Katayama and South Korean Minister of Economy and Finance Koo Yun-cheol expressed serious concern over the sharp depreciation of the Korean won and the Japanese yen. Furthermore, they reaffirmed that they will closely monitor foreign exchange markets and continue to take appropriate actions against excessive volatility and disorderly movements in exchange rates,” said a media note after the officials met in Tokyo.

The yen touched its lowest in 20 months on 13th March, nearing the line of 160.00 to the dollar that the market analysts think might prompt Tokyo to intervene to support the currency. ‌The ⁠won, on the other hand, breached a psychological barrier of 1,500 per dollar this month for the first time since March 2009.

The Iran war has also driven ⁠the dollar higher on safe-haven demand, apart from battering the currencies of countries heavily reliant on imported oil.

The currency is also gaining as traders reduce expectations for how much the US Federal Reserve might cut borrowing costs in 2026, as worries over rising inflation have reduced the likelihood of interest rate cuts from two before the war to none now.

Tokyo and Seoul shared the view that significant volatility had emerged in financial markets, including foreign exchange, Satsuki Katayama told a press conference after the meeting.

“The Japanese government ⁠is fully prepared to respond at any time, bearing in mind the impact that currency moves may have on people’s livelihoods amid surging oil prices, and I believe both ⁠sides share that understanding,” she added.

Yen, due to its huge trade surplus and enormous net international investment positions, was once used to enjoy unconditional safe-haven status.

However, that position is under threat now, as Joey Chew, head of Asia FX research at HSBC, told Reuters, “The yen can be vulnerable to potential oil supply shocks – it also weakened last year in mid-June amid Israel-Iran tensions.”

The post Japan, South Korea share volatile currency concerns as Yen faces stern test appeared first on International Finance.

Across global banking systems, artificial intelligence is moving from back-office optimisation to the heart of credit decision-making. The shift is subtle. There are no public announcements declaring that machines now approve mortgages. Yet increasingly, algorithms analyze income, spending patterns, behavioural signals, and even alternative data before a human ever sees an application.

So, the question is unavoidable: Are machines deciding who gets loans? And if so, what happens to human judgement?

The Quiet Expansion Of AI In Lending

Artificial intelligence is already deeply embedded in financial services.

“AI is transforming banking quite significantly, and the pace of adoption is fast,” Wahyu Jatmiko, Assistant Professor in Banking and Finance at the University of Southampton Business School, told International Finance.

He points to data from the Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority showing that around 75% of UK financial institutions were using AI by 2024, up from 58% just two years earlier.

However, he explains, the heavy use remains concentrated in internal optimisation, cybersecurity and fraud detection. In underwriting specifically, adoption is more measured.

“Roughly around 15% of firms use AI directly in credit underwriting,” he estimates.

That figure may sound modest. But the deeper shift is structural.

“Even where it is not fully taking over, AI is increasingly embedded in the process,” Jatmiko says.

Instead of relying entirely on traditional credit bureau scores, systems now analyse real-time transaction data, behavioural patterns, and alternative datasets.

The result is not necessarily that machines approve all loans. Underwriting is becoming faster, more data-driven, and far more granular.

James Ekpa, an AI researcher at the Blockchain Technology Association for Black & Minority Ethnic Engineers (AFBE-UK), did not mince words.

“Yes, machines are increasingly deciding who gets loans today,” he told International Finance.

He sees a transformation from slow, manual processes to rapid, automated systems powered by machine learning algorithms.

Speed, consistency and scalability are among AI’s biggest advantages. Decisions can be made quickly. Models apply the given criteria uniformly. And, algorithms can analyse thousands of variables at a scale humans simply cannot match.

Efficiency, in other words, is no longer the differentiator. It is the baseline expectation.

Enhancement Or Replacement?

But, does faster mean better? And more importantly, does faster mean human judgement is fading?

“At the moment, I clearly see AI as enhancing human judgement rather than replacing it,” Jatmiko says.

He cites UK data suggesting that while about 55% of AI applications involve some automated decision-making, only around 2% are fully autonomous.

Creditworthiness, he argues, is not merely about predicting default probabilities. It involves context, borrower circumstances, regulatory constraints, and sometimes ethical considerations.

AI excels at analysing large datasets, document reading, income verification, and affordability calculations. In that sense, Jatmiko says, it acts like a powerful analyst. But final approvals, particularly for complex or high-value loans, still rest with humans.

Ekpa agrees that the human role is evolving rather than disappearing. Loan officers today increasingly review edge cases and borderline applications. They handle complex deals. They explain decisions to customers. They monitor model outputs and escalate anomalies.

The job is changing. It is becoming supervisory. That may be the real transformation.

When Context Meets Code

The limits of automation become clearer when qualitative factors enter the picture.

Jatmiko describes a hypothetical but realistic scenario: a small business reporting temporary losses due to a supply chain shock while holding strong long-term contracts. A human underwriter may interpret the broader narrative and take a forward-looking view. An algorithm trained primarily on historical default data might simply detect recent losses and flag high risk.

“There is research showing a mismatch between what AI models consider important and what human loan officers see as meaningful indicators of creditworthiness,” he explains.

Humans can contextualise. They can sometimes account for structural disadvantages when justified by circumstances. AI, by design, optimises patterns found in historical data. That difference is subtle. But in lending, subtle differences affect livelihoods.

The Question Of Bias

Advocates of AI argue that machines eliminate prejudice. Algorithms do not discriminate intentionally. They do not favour friends. They apply rules consistently. And that consistency is powerful.

But, consistency applied to flawed historical data can create new problems.

“AI can reduce certain types of human bias, but it can also embed and even amplify systemic bias,” Jatmiko explains.

If past lending patterns reflected unequal treatment of certain demographic groups, models trained on that data may internalise those patterns as objective signals of risk.

Ekpa echoes this concern. One of the primary risks, he notes, is bias amplification. If historical data contains discrimination, models may encode and intensify it.

Transparency is another issue. Complex models can be difficult to explain. Borrowers denied credit may receive little more than a generic explanation.

“Opacity raises regulatory and consumer trust concerns,” Ekpa warns.

Then there is model drift, when changing economic conditions gradually degrade model performance. Without continuous monitoring, systems may misprice risk during volatile periods.

In short, bias does not disappear. It changes form.

Accountability In An Algorithmic Age

If an AI-driven system denies a borrower unfairly, who is responsible? The answer is not always clear. Multiple actors are involved – AI manufacturers, developers, third-party providers, and lenders themselves.

However, both experts converge on one principle: accountability ultimately rests with the financial institution.

Ekpa says AI is a tool, not a legal entity. Financial institutions remain responsible for the models they deploy, the data they use, and the governance frameworks they maintain.

Jatmiko does not overcomplicate it. If a loan decision turns out to be unfair, the algorithm cannot be the one blamed. The bank chose to use it, so the bank carries the responsibility. That means senior leaders cannot hide behind technical language. They have to stand behind the outcomes.

He stresses that human oversight is not optional, especially for complicated or sensitive cases. Models need regular checks. They need to be tested for bias. They need proper audit trails. Otherwise, problems build quietly.

He also worries about something bigger. If many banks start depending on the same AI providers, risk can pile up across the system. One flaw could affect more than just one institution. Efficiency is important. But, it cannot come before accountability.

The Islamic Finance Lens

From an Islamic finance point of view, this is not just a technical debate. It goes deeper than that. Islamic banking is guided by Maqasid al-Shariah, ideas around justice, fairness, and social welfare. Lending is not only about numbers on a balance sheet. It carries a social responsibility.

Yes, AI can make processes smoother. Faster approvals. Cleaner risk models. That part is clear. But Jatmiko flags something more subtle. If the data used to train these systems reflects a past where small businesses were routinely sidelined, the algorithm may quietly repeat that history.

And if that happens, the technology could end up working against the very goals Islamic finance is supposed to protect. Not intentionally, but just by following patterns.

Aligning AI with ethical principles requires intentional intervention in model design and governance. It may require bringing social scientists into AI development processes. It may demand stronger oversight, particularly when tools are sourced from third-party providers.

Technology alone does not guarantee fairness. Design choices matter.

Possibility Of A Hybrid Future

So, where is banking headed? Fully automated lending systems may emerge in low-risk, low-value segments. Routine cases can be processed at speed and scale. But both experts see the broader future as hybrid.

Ekpa believes competitive advantage will come from institutions that combine AI’s analytical power with human judgement, rather than eliminating one in favour of the other.

Jatmiko similarly expects automation to expand, but insists that human supervision will remain essential, especially for complex or high-impact decisions.

Human-in-the-loop processes are already becoming common. Algorithms analyse. Humans validate. Decisions are checked before final approval. Perhaps, the future banker will not be replaced, but repositioned.

The Big Question

For borrowers, the shift may be invisible. Applications are approved faster. Rejections arrive more quickly, too. What changes quietly, beneath the surface, is how those decisions are made.

Is human judgement fading? Or simply moving further upstream, designing and supervising the systems that now perform the analysis?

The rise of the AI loan officer is not dramatic. No headlines are announcing the end of human bankers. Instead, there is gradual integration, more data, faster models, and shorter decision times.

Machines are increasingly involved. That much is clear. But whether they ultimately decide, or merely assist, depends less on technological capability and more on governance choices.

Banks can treat AI as an efficiency engine. Or, they can treat it as a tool that augments, rather than overrides, human responsibility. The distinction may determine not only how loans are approved, but how trust in the financial system evolves in the years ahead. And trust, unlike data, cannot be automated.

The post Are humans making way for AI loan officers? appeared first on International Finance.

In 2026, the real question is not whether the dollar dominates; it obviously does. The real question is whether governments are preparing for a future where they rely on it, just a bit less. A shift, yes. A revolution? Not really.

According to Bidisha Bhattacharya, economist and columnist at ThePrint, what we are seeing is not some financial revolution. It is much slower than that. Almost cautious.

“De-dollarisation is real, but it is evolutionary rather than revolutionary. The US dollar continues to account for roughly 60% of global foreign exchange reserves, down from over 70% in the early 2000s. That decline reflects diversification at the margins, not displacement at the core,” Bhattacharya told International Finance.

The fundamentals still favour the dollar – deep financial markets, extremely liquid US Treasury bonds, strong institutional trust, and powerful network effects. The more people use the dollar, the harder it becomes to replace.

“Currency hierarchies do not flip suddenly. They evolve, slowly,” she said.

The world is not abandoning the dollar; it is just becoming less dependent on it.

The gold rush — again

If there is one clear signal of this caution, it is gold. Central banks have been buying massive amounts of gold, levels not seen in decades. Annual purchases have exceeded 1,000 tonnes in recent years. This is not about returning to the gold standard or romanticising the past. It is about protection.

“Gold accumulation has become strategically significant. This is less about replacing the dollar, and more about hedging geopolitical and sanctions risk. Gold carries no counterparty risk and functions as a balance-sheet stabiliser in a fragmented global order,” Bhattacharya said.

However, markets play a role too. Mike McGlone of Bloomberg Intelligence argues that central bank demand has been pushing prices higher.

“Central banks purchased about 1,000 tonnes annually in 2022, 2023 and 2024, roughly double the previous decade’s average,” McGlone told International Finance, pointing to geopolitical tensions, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as a key driver.

Yet, McGlone suggests, markets may be overheating. Gold could approach major peaks around 2026, similar to historic highs seen in 1980 and 2011. Some reserve diversification, he says, may reflect in rising gold prices rather than a fundamental move away from the dollar.

He added that most of the statistics on gold outpacing dollar reserves are due to the rapid rise in gold prices.

“Demand is notably driven by geopolitics rather than inflation concerns,” he said, suggesting easing global tensions could weaken momentum. So yes, gold is rising. But it is not replacing the dollar.

Sanctions, control, and financial vulnerability

Politics also plays a big role. Maybe more than markets.

Elnara Omarova, who works on BRICS-related policy issues, says many governments are mainly concerned about control, or the lack of it.

“The key issue is access. When central bank reserves can be frozen, or access to dollar clearing becomes politically contingent, governments start reassessing how much exposure they are comfortable carrying. Diversification then becomes less about ideology and more about insurance,” Omarova told International Finance.

This has taken several forms: larger gold reserves, more holdings in non-dollar currencies, and bilateral trade settled in local currencies. And, it has been especially seen in energy markets. But these changes remain limited. The dollar still wins on liquidity, convertibility, and market depth.

“Diversification is happening, but it is incremental,” Omarova said, describing it as risk management in a more fragmented geopolitical environment rather than an abrupt shift away from the dollar. Omarova calls it a recalibration, not a rupture.

The BRICS Debate: More noise than disruption

Much of the public discussion focuses on BRICS, and whether the group could reshape global finance. Analysts urge caution.

The influence of BRICS comes mostly from coordination, encouraging trade in national currencies, experimenting with alternative financing mechanisms, and building regional frameworks. It signals exploration, not replacement.

Lawrence Ngorand of Busara Advisors sees BRICS as pushing the world toward a more multi-polar financial system.

“The BRICS play a catalytic role, accelerating the transition toward a more multi-polar financial architecture,” Ngorand told International Finance.

Their role lies in building alternative infrastructure and gradually shifting expectations. But structural problems remain. There is no widely trusted BRICS reserve currency. Institutional cohesion varies. Therefore, the shift is evolutionary. It is slow, uneven, and incomplete.

Global trade moves beyond the dollar

This may be the toughest question. Commodity markets still revolve around dollar pricing, largely because the liquidity, benchmarks, and risk-management systems behind them are already deeply built around it.

Omarova suggests bilateral trade settlement could diversify, especially among politically aligned countries. But changing global pricing norms would require deep financial markets, credible alternatives, and global participation. That is a very high barrier.

Ngorand agrees that the dollar’s dominance is not just about politics; it is structural power: capital markets, institutional trust, and global network effects.

Regional diversification is happening, particularly in energy trade and infrastructure financing. But full displacement? Unlikely.

“The most likely outcome is not the replacement of the dollar, but the emergence of a more fragmented system where multiple currencies co-exist,” Ngorand said.

When gold stops being a safe haven

Yet the gold story is also becoming more complicated. For years, gold has been treated almost instinctively as the ultimate reserve hedge. No counterparty risk, no dependence on another country’s financial system, and no sanctions exposure. In a fragmented geopolitical world, that logic sounds almost irresistible. But, not everyone is convinced the current gold surge reflects long-term stability.

According to Mike McGlone, gold’s behaviour in markets has started looking less like a traditional store of value and more like a volatile financial asset.

“Gold has shifted toward a speculative asset from a store of value,” McGlone told International Finance, noting that its 180-day volatility has surged to about 2.4 times that of the S&P 500, the highest relative level in two decades. That is not what investors typically expect from a stability anchor.

In fact, McGlone suggests that in many financial stress scenarios, gold might not behave the way policymakers hope. Instead of rising as a stabiliser, it could actually fall when measured in dollar terms.

“In most scenarios, gold declines in USD terms,” he said.

That observation complicates the narrative that central banks are simply replacing dollar reserves with bullion. In reality, gold still trades in a dollar-dominated financial ecosystem. Its pricing, liquidity, and global trading infrastructure remain deeply tied to the very system some countries are trying to hedge against.

So, the question becomes less about whether gold can hedge geopolitical risk and more about whether it can truly function as a substitute for dollar liquidity during a crisis. So far, the answer remains uncertain.

The signalling game of ‘central bank gold’

There is another dimension to the gold story: signalling. Central banks do not build reserves only for their own balance sheets. Sometimes, what they hold also sends a signal outward to markets, to investors, to anyone watching closely.

For emerging economies in particular, the mix of reserves can quietly influence how strong or stable a country looks from the outside.

Some analysts say the recent gold buying could partly be about that, projecting resilience in a world where capital can move very quickly.

Still, McGlone is not entirely convinced that signalling explains everything.

When asked whether emerging economies might be building gold reserves partly to reassure international investors, his answer was simple: it is not entirely clear.

“I don’t know,” he said.

However, what he does emphasise is the geopolitical context that triggered the surge in demand.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent freezing of foreign reserves forced policymakers everywhere to rethink financial vulnerability. The episode highlighted how even large sovereign reserves could suddenly become inaccessible under sanctions. That shock pushed many countries toward alternative assets, including gold.

But geopolitical dynamics are constantly evolving. And in McGlone’s view, the political drivers behind the gold rally may already be fading.

“The geopolitical bid is diminishing,” he said, pointing to shifting political developments in countries often aligned against US influence, including changes in Syria and evolving political pressures in Venezuela, Iran, and Cuba.

If the geopolitical momentum behind gold weakens, the rally could slow as well. Which raises an uncomfortable possibility for central banks: they may have increased their gold exposure precisely when the market was reaching peak enthusiasm.

When reserve diversification goes too far

Gold accumulation has been dramatic. In some ways, it is historically dramatic. But there is also a point where diversification strategies begin to face diminishing returns. For McGlone, that point may already have been reached.

He argues that gold prices have stretched far beyond their historical norms, reaching the largest premium relative to their 60-month moving average ever recorded, and also hitting unprecedented levels relative to the broader Bloomberg Commodity Spot Index.

In other words, markets may have already priced in much of the geopolitical risk. Gold has seen this kind of moment before.

The last time prices became this detached from historical norms was around 1980. That peak held for nearly three decades before being surpassed again during the 2000s commodity boom.

History, McGlone suggests, does not rule out a similar pattern repeating itself. Gold may simply have gone up too much.

“It faces the curse of going up too much,” he said, suggesting the market could be approaching a long-term peak like earlier historical cycles.

If that happens, central banks could find themselves holding larger gold positions at precisely the moment when prices begin stabilising or retreating. This would not invalidate diversification strategies, but it might reduce their immediate financial benefits.

What could push gold even further?

History shows that major geopolitical events can dramatically reshape reserve strategies. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine already triggered one such shift.

That event accelerated discussions about sanctions exposure, financial sovereignty, and alternative reserve assets. But what could push gold even further into the centre of global reserve strategy?

McGlone believes the catalyst would have to be similarly dramatic.

Russia’s invasion created the current surge. Replicating that shock would require a comparable geopolitical rupture. And, for now, he believes the gold momentum may already be reaching its limit.

“The risk is that the bid for gold has reached its apex,” he said.

Inside BRICS: Between unity and rivalry

If gold represents one hedge against the dollar system, BRICS represents another kind of experiment altogether. But even within the BRICS grouping, the financial dynamics are more complicated than they appear from the outside.

According to Lawrence Ngorand, China plays an unmistakably central role in shaping many of the bloc’s financial initiatives.

“China is the central gravitational force within BRICS financial initiatives,” Ngorand told International Finance. That influence stems from simple economics.

China is the largest economy in the group, the biggest trading partner for most other members, and the only one with a fully developed cross-border payments infrastructure capable of supporting large-scale alternative settlement systems.

As a result, efforts to expand local-currency trade often gravitate naturally toward the Chinese renminbi. But that influence comes with political limits.

India, Brazil, and several other BRICS members remain cautious about allowing any single currency to dominate the bloc’s financial architecture. Concerns about dependency and geopolitical balance remain strong, which is why many BRICS initiatives are carefully framed as multi-polar rather than renminbi-centric.

China brings the scale and liquidity, but the set-up of the system still tries to make sure each member keeps the sense that its own financial sovereignty remains intact.

Is a unified ‘BRICS currency’ difficult?

Even setting politics aside, BRICS financial integration runs into a simpler reality. The member economies are very different from each other.

China maintains a tightly managed capital account. India operates with partial controls. Brazil and South Africa run fairly open financial systems compared with some of the others. Russia’s financial system has been reshaped by sanctions and partial isolation. These differences complicate coordination.

Exchange-rate regimes vary. Inflation dynamics differ. Fiscal policy frameworks are not aligned. Even trade structures diverge significantly.

China’s economy is manufacturing-driven. Several other BRICS members depend heavily on commodities. Others rely more on services. These asymmetries make deeper monetary integration extremely difficult.

According to Ngorand, meaningful integration would require convergence across multiple dimensions: inflation targeting frameworks, exchange-rate policy co-ordination, reserve pooling mechanisms, and credible lender-of-last-resort structures. None of those currently exist.

“The bloc lacks the institutional cohesion that underpinned the euro project,” Ngorand said.

Commodity and currency power

Still, one area where BRICS expansion could make a difference is commodities. The inclusion of major commodity exporters within the group has strengthened the theoretical foundation for alternative trade settlement systems.

Countries like Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Russia sit at the centre of global energy and resource flows. And commodities anchor a significant portion of global trade. If even a small share of these transactions began shifting toward non-dollar settlement, new liquidity corridors could gradually emerge. That possibility matters.

“If even a modest share of oil or critical mineral trade shifts to local currencies, it creates liquidity pools and hedging demand outside the dollar system,” Ngorand said.

However, commodity power alone does not automatically translate into monetary dominance. Even if some commodities start trading in other currencies, the money does not always stay there. In many cases, it quietly circles back to dollar assets anyway.

Take oil revenues. No matter what currency the trade begins with, a large share often ends up parked in United States Treasuries. So, commodities might open alternative payment routes, but that alone does not really dismantle the dollar system. For that, a deeper financial infrastructure would be required.

The shock that could change everything

Ultimately, the speed of any monetary transition depends on shocks. Gradual diversification can go on for years, even decades, without shaking the foundations of global finance. Systems like this rarely change overnight. But, history shows that faster shifts usually come after disruption.

Ngorand suggests that a real acceleration in de-dollarisation would likely require confidence to crack across several pillars of the current financial system at the same time. That could include large-scale sanctions affecting multiple mid-sized economies, a major disruption to global payment networks, such as SWIFT, or a severe dollar liquidity crisis.

Another possibility would be sustained fiscal instability in the United States that undermines confidence in Treasury markets, the backbone of global reserve management. In the absence of such shocks, inertia favours continuity.

“Reserve currency transitions historically occur over decades, not years,” Ngorand said. Which means the dollar system may evolve, diversify, and fragment at the edges without collapsing at the centre, at least for now.

Not the end, just an adjustment

What emerges from all this is not a collapse. It is an adjustment. Central banks are hedging. Governments are managing risk. The world feels more uncertain, thanks to geopolitical, economic, financial, and reserve strategies that reflect that anxiety. The system is becoming more hedged, more political, and slightly more multipolar.

Bhattacharya summed it up thus: “We are not witnessing the end of dollar dominance, but rather the end of unquestioned dollar comfort.”

The dollar remains at the centre. Just no longer alone in commanding unquestioned trust.

The post Sanctions or war, the dollar always wins appeared first on International Finance.

The 2012-13 bailout had left its scars. There were bank haircuts, capital controls, and a new international infamy for economic secrecy. From Riga to Rome, every finance minister complained about the plight of its smaller neighbour and included a mention of “Cyprus” in their geopolitical shorthand.

Fast-forward to 2026, and the footnote has become a case study. The recent update to the real GDP growth forecast sees the pace of expansion slowing to 3.1% this year from 3.8% in 2025. Yes, it is slower than the previous year, but still remarkable for a nation to pull off during all this geopolitical volatility.

Take the latest data, for example. In Q4 2025, Cyprus’ economy expanded 4.5% on a year-on-year basis, up from 3.6% in the previous period. The milestone also marked the strongest economic expansion since Q4 2022, with the main drivers being the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, information and communication, and hotels and restaurants (+7.2%). Construction also recorded strong growth, rising 9.2%, while manufacturing increased by 4.7%.

In another piece of good news, tourist inflows (which skyrocketed to €3.7 billion in 2025) from the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Israel, Greece, France, and Sweden played a solid hand in propelling Cyprus to its historic GDP growth, while the Mediterranean island emerged as one of Europe’s most sought-after destinations. The boom also benefited the airline and hospitality industries, with airlines like British Airways, easyJet, and Ryanair expanding their services to accommodate the ever-growing number of visitors. Hotels and resorts in the island region, on the other hand, responded by ramping up their offerings, from luxury accommodations to eco-friendly resorts, ensuring a diverse range of options for all types of travellers.

Remarkable fiscal story

In 2025, Cyprus recorded a budget surplus of €939.2 million. Let that sink in for a moment. We are talking about a small island country with its own unique set of problems and challenges. The country is located in a volatile region, subject to tensions between Greece and Turkey. There are also costs associated with meeting EU targets for reducing carbon emissions and the costs of bringing salaries for government workers in line with those in the private sector. The employee salaries peaked at €4.13 billion in 2025. And yet, a budget surplus of €939.2 million was still recorded.

The ceiling for next year’s state budget is €10.7 billion, or €11.3 billion without interest costs. It is a political and economic price that was set with considerable care. In a eurozone periphery country such as Cyprus, this is something seen rarely and achieved even more rarely, as the fiscal discipline required is not always accompanied by the same degree of political consensus. The fiscal leeway was available, but action only followed as the debt crisis escalated and a new government came into power at the end of 2023, when public debt was at 73.6% of GDP. Now it is projected to fall to 52.9% of GDP by the end of 2026. This is no small reduction. It is a reduction of a historical and almost revolutionary character.

According to Cyprus’ Deputy Finance Minister Irene Piki, “Multi-year planning, more predictable policy, and fiscal space earned through responsible and reform-based ways rather than increased borrowing ensures high household, business, and investor confidence.”

She is right. And the timing of this issue must also be taken into consideration. With the war in Ukraine, energy-price volatility, and the costs of achieving the EU’s ambitious climate and digital agendas, Europe’s overall fiscal situation is extremely difficult. Most member states are feeling the strain, though a few, such as Poland, are coping better than expected. Others, like Bulgaria and Slovenia, will hardly notice any short-term impact from the EU’s fiscal rules for the next few years.

Cyprus is not in this group, but it will no longer be in the minority either. It will assume the EU Council presidency in the first half of 2026, at a time when all other member states with higher budget deficits will be trying to keep a low fiscal profile in advance of a potential EU debt-mutualisation discussion, while others will be more than happy to oblige by not questioning the fiscal prudence of the presidency. Cyprus’s economic model, which has proven itself in recent years to be sustainable despite high inflation and even though the country is heavily indebted, should attract worldwide attention during its presidency and generally face appreciation for its achievements.

The tech revolution

Here’s an honest take. Tourism is the story that gets the headlines, but tech is stealing the show, and that’s where the smart money is heading.

By the end of 2025, Cyprus’s Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector contributed roughly 16% to national Gross Value Added (GVA). That is approximately €8.5 billion. The island now ranks second in the EU for ICT’s share of national GVA, ahead of economies with ten times the population and four times the infrastructure investment. The workforce in tech has more than tripled over the past decade, now exceeding 26,000 professionals. Cyprus ranks fifth in the EU for GVA per ICT employee. In productivity, in other words, not just headcount.

The talent pipeline is being deliberately engineered. Non-resident professionals earning over €55,000 annually get a 50% income-tax exemption. There is also a Digital Nomad Visa and streamlined residency for spouses of international workers. The type of person this attracts is mobile, high-earning, plugged into global networks, and likely to bring their employer with them or start something new once they are settled. In March 2026, the Research and Innovation Foundation sent a national pavilion to the 4YFN summit in Barcelona, showcasing eight companies in AI, robotics, and agritech. One Cypriot portfolio company, Threedium, was selected as one of only ten firms globally to present on the main NVIDIA GTC 2026 stage. That’s not luck.

TechIsland, the sector’s coordinating platform, has done the unglamorous but essential work of bridging local entrepreneurs with international executives. The ecosystem is self-reinforcing now, which is the point where you stop worrying about whether it is sustainable and start worrying about whether the housing stock can keep up.

What are the key factors helping the country’s tech sector? Let’s start with Cyprus’ geographical location. The Mediterranean island sits at the intersection of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, giving companies access to huge markets if they prefer using the nation as their manufacturing and R&D hubs. Imagine businesses keen on maximising their prospects in the European market but also want outreach to Israel’s $100 billion tech sector, along with emerging Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, Cyprus can become the base camp. Also, the country’s legal system is rooted in English common law, making it instantly familiar for those used to British or commonwealth standards.

Then comes the 12.5% corporate tax rate, one of the lowest in the European Union (EU). To sweeten things further, there is an “IP Box Regime” that results in qualifying intellectual property income being taxed at an effective rate of just 2.5%. Businesses holding IP in domains like software, AI, fintech patents, or video games get massive leverage for reinvestment and expansion in the Mediterranean island, as taxation remains simplified and pocket-friendly, compared to high-tax countries. The administration is actively courting the cause of the island nation becoming a regional tech hub by backing initiatives such as “Startup Cyprus” and the “Youth Entrepreneurship Scheme.”

Promise of energy utopia

Shipping accounts for more than 7% of the country’s GDP and often receives insufficient attention in debates that focus on new sectors. Now, though, the evidence is plain to see. The shipping sector is a major source of revenue. Cyprus alone accounts for around 4% of the global merchant fleet, while more than 20% of worldwide third-party ship-management activities are carried out from here. The figure for ship-management revenues for the first half of 2025 was €978 million, an increase of 6.7% on the previous quarter.

And that’s a lot of concentration! The top 27% of the companies account for 85% of total sales. Germany and Greece are the number one and two trading partners, respectively, accounting for 30% and 13% of sales.

In November 2023, the One-Stop Shipping Centre was established, which currently serves more than 300 shipping companies benefiting from the tonnage-tax regime. Almost all shipping companies based in Cyprus benefit from this, apart from the four historical ship-owning companies, which, in accordance with the current tonnage-tax legislation, are not allowed to gain an advantage through the new policies.

The overall gross tonnage of the Cyprus ship registry has increased by 20% over the last two years, reaching the highest level in the last two decades. A real and tangible effort is being made to modernise shipping further through the sponsorship of robotics and digital-technology-related scholarships and the upgrading of the associated educational infrastructure, as well as research into alternatives and new methods to support the greening of shipping. Shipping contributes significantly to the island’s employment sector, both in terms of direct and indirect on-shore employment (over 9,000 people) and the huge number of seafarers (80,000 and more) employed onboard vessels managed by companies based in Cyprus and therefore also indirectly contributing to the economies of the ports of call. Cyprus wants to maintain and further develop this very important sector.

Gas fields have been “coming soon” for years, and one can excuse the sarcasm. But now, for the first time in more than a decade, all indications are that 2026 will actually see the start of production of two giant offshore fields in Eastern Mediterranean gas. The Aphrodite gas field in Block 12, estimated to hold between 3.9 and 4.5 trillion cubic feet of gas, is slowly but surely moving towards its commercial development, following the recent memorandum of understanding signed by Egypt, Cyprus, and Chevron over the proposed pipeline project that will transport the gas from Cyprus to Egypt. The Kronos field in Block 6, operated by Eni, is also expected to reach a final investment decision this year, with first gas scheduled for 2028. The fact that the distance between the field and the Zohr field in Egypt, where the necessary infrastructure has already been built and is currently being used, will be largely compensated for by the intended infrastructure that will be built for the purposes of transporting Aphrodite’s gas to Egypt.

The energy situation in Cyprus is quite tough domestically. The EU carbon-allowance price is projected to reach €95 per tonne by 2026, and there is no exception for Cyprus in terms of compliance with the EU ETS, which will cost €490 million this year and will also be transferred to consumers through energy bills. The LNG terminal of Vasilikos, which has been delayed for many years, is expected to enter operation during the second half of 2026. The Great Sea Interconnector, which connects the Cypriot electricity grid with the Greek grid via Israel, is still considered a strategic investment, but is more at the level of intentions so far.

The offshore gas story is truly a major issue for the Eastern Mediterranean region’s energy future. In the meantime, however, Cypriots are forced to endure among the highest energy prices in the region. That is where the current government’s otherwise respectable record falls short.

Tax exemptions to the rescue

The story of the revival of the banking system in Cyprus is a very long and fascinating one. We are talking about a sector where non-performing loans (NPLs) comprised 49% of the total outstanding loans in 2016. It was not so much a sector with problems that required remedial action; it was a complete banking crisis that had been frozen in time. Today, the total of NPLs as a percentage of total outstanding loans is 3.2% at the end of 2025. The downward trend of NPLs, following a period of stagnation that coincided with the imposed capital-control regime of 2013, reflects in part the huge quantities of NPLs that have been sold and in part the successful completion of a large number of restructuring plans of exposures.

There was a big change in Cypriot tax law, and we believe it is the first significant change in tax laws introduced in the last two decades. The new laws took effect on 1 January 2026. Under the catch-phrase of meeting the OECD Pillar Two global minimum-tax rate, we are talking about a drastic increase in the corporate-tax rate from 12.5% to 15%. As such, it has been a very controversial move, and one can very easily understand why. But it was an inevitable decision.

Dividend tax has increased. The deemed-dividend distribution rules for profits earned after 2026 have been abolished. The special defence contribution on the actual dividends paid out from profits earned after 2026 reduces from 17% to 5%. The personal-income-tax-free threshold has increased to €22,000 from €19,500. The 8% flat tax on cryptocurrency gains and the 120% super-deduction for qualifying research and development expenditure are a couple of steps taken towards the future. A couple of things to note regarding the recent corporate-tax-rate increase and how it is being applied in the professional-services sector. Companies in the sector are already shifting toward digital assets, AI-related regulation, and wealth-mobility advisory services in response to the tax-rate increase. The pace of change can be dramatic.

Misfortune of thriving real estate

The consequences of rapid expansion are inevitable. As reported earlier, property transactions in January 2026 reached their highest level since 2008, with 1,411 contracts being deposited, an 11% increase on the corresponding period last year. Annual price rises in Paphos and Famagusta reached 25% and 23% respectively. The value of transactions in the Limassol premium market accounts for a third of the total.

As we already know, the rate at which property prices increase is around 5%–7% annually, and salaries in the country are still not high enough to absorb even remotely the current rental rates. Rent accounts for a staggering 32.3% of the average household’s monthly income in Limassol. The average monthly rental price for a one-bedroom apartment in the city centre of Limassol is around €1,300.

The government plans to complete 244 affordable residential properties allocated to low-income families in all major municipalities across the country by the end of 2026, while a private partnership is expected to deliver 1,000 affordable rental homes, with the municipality also expected to set aside €16 million for a new subsidised project in Limassol and €12 million for a similar scheme in Strovolos. This is not bad, but there are still very few measures to curb the problem of affordable housing. Remember, however, that problems related to affordability usually go unnoticed for years until they hit the headlines and cause mayhem.

Tourism income has reached €3.69 billion, up 15.2% year-on-year, with visitor numbers exceeding 4.5 million for the first time, and tourism’s share of GDP standing at around 14%. A services surplus of over €2.8 billion was recorded in the third quarter of 2025 alone, in large part due to the goods-trade deficit being a structural feature of the economy.

Tourism is trendy but is cyclical, weather-dependent, geopolitically volatile, and above all requires low-cost air travel. In the technology and shipping space, the trends are more structural. We are not diminishing the success of tourism, which remains very strong, but policymakers need to remember that it is just a base that needs to be expanded upon rather than a plateau to be sat out on.

The bottom line

The future looks promising, but it is not without challenges. The job market is extremely tight, with unemployment at just 4.5%. It means everyone who needs a job has a job, but there aren’t enough workers to boost spending power any further.

Cyprus has 1.38 million people and is one of the EU’s smaller member states, with most of them residing in cities like Nicosia and Limassol.

Though the population is growing through immigration, the median age is around 40 years, which means that people are ageing quickly and productivity is decreasing. On top of that, birth rates are really low, with around 1.5 children per woman.

Cyprus is struggling to find fresh talent. And it is in a race against time. If they cannot find enough working population to support their rapidly ageing population, their economy could suffer greatly.

Moreover, foreign firms invest heavily in Cyprus but pull back profits. The repatriation of profits contributed to around 7% of the GDP account deficit. The Fiscal Council notes that domestic reinvestment is weak and FDI seems “transient” without deeper local ties.

To combat this, Cyprus introduced new screening rules. From April 2, 2026, non-EU and Swiss investors need pre-approval for €2 million plus deals that require a 25% or more stake in strategic sectors such as AI, tech, health, and energy. If they do not comply, they risk fines up to €50,000 or a shutdown due to non-compliance. The bureaucracy adds two to three months of delay, increased legal fees, and various uncertainties for companies that want to invest in the island. Investors might want to look for other nations with better ease of doing business.

Cyprus has historically attracted FDI through lax rules, but is now forced to align these standards with the EU. However, this oversight often leads to increased friction through red tape, and geopolitical checks (Investigating Russian and other controversial links). Foreign investors were drawn to low taxes and golden passports, which ended in 2020. Massive FDI, especially from Russian companies, peaked at $33 billion in 2015 and fueled the real estate boom. Russian investments reached 80% of the total FDI of Cyprus. However, it also enabled round-tripping and sanction evasion after the Ukrainian crisis.

The 2024 data from the Central Bank of Cyprus reveals that Russian FDI stock in Cyprus hovers at €83.46 billion and has plummeted drastically from €135.7 billion in 2022. The €52 billion drop is attributed to Western sanctions and geopolitical tension.

Look, small open economies are always vulnerable to things they cannot control, such as energy shocks, regional conflict, shifts in EU policy, and global capital-flow reversals. Cyprus is not immune. But the combination of fiscal discipline, a diversified sectoral base, a sophisticated banking system, and a government that has made genuinely difficult structural decisions creates a degree of resilience that was not there a decade ago. These are not vanity metrics. They are signals that the growth dividends are being reinvested rather than extracted.

Is everything perfect? No. Energy costs remain a drag. Housing affordability is a genuine social tension. And the gas fields, however promising, have a long way to go before they change balance-of-payments arithmetic.

But Cyprus in 2026 is a fundamentally different proposition than it was in 2013. It has earned the right to be taken seriously. Definitely not as a tax-haven footnote or a bailout cautionary tale, but as a small economy that looked hard at what it wanted to be and built its way toward it with more discipline than most expected. That’s a story worth telling.

The post Cyprus: The island rebound appeared first on International Finance.

And yet, up to three-quarters of companies are still using paper checks, for example, despite inefficiencies and increasing costs. While traditional document handling and processing might seem familiar and reliable, they are fast becoming outdated and potentially hazardous for companies and customers.

Digitalisation, of course, can be complex, and there is considerable planning and execution involved that can take months to complete. However, one key step finance companies (and those processing paper transactions en masse) should take immediately is to switch to digital signatures across all their documents.

Why digital signatures matter

Digital signatures have emerged as a natural successor to the well-worn paper-based standard. Through digital contract signing and payment authorisation, key transactions are easier to attach to certain parties, and it’s a quick route towards ensuring complete compliance with data retention and processing.

Learning how to sign documents online is, in the mid-2020s, a simple process that’s easy to train on and roll out across payment handling teams. We now have the systems and software to embed digital signatures into legacy tools and documents, too, meaning it can easily become part of existing processes at minimal cost.

Shockingly, reports show that 63% of companies surveyed by the AFP experienced some form of physical check fraud in 2024. If we’re to face transaction fraud head-on, we need to move more efficiently away from paper documents and legacy signage.

Key benefits

Beyond the obvious benefits of digitalisation in general, there are key benefits of digital signatures in financial transactions worth considering.

Digital signatures allow for faster processing and decision-making. The time it takes for physical checks and financial documents to get signed, authorised, and marked off can be cut down dramatically with automation and streamlined workflows. There are fewer checking steps, and reviews take seconds, not days.

They are more securely stored. Using a leading e-signature platform and data backup system means you can always be sure client signatures are encrypted and kept away from bad actors. Physical documents are always at the mercy of being lost and stolen, which can cause fraud and administrative headaches for all parties involved.

Another security benefit to digital signatures is that, with the right platform, they are easy to create and store so that they can’t be tampered with by third parties. Again, a digital paper trail can effectively verify signing intent and payment processing without confusion. Digital signatures also benefit compliance. In an age where companies face millions of dollars in potential fines for not complying with data protection laws, digital signatures can effectively prove that a company is doing enough to meet certain standards.

Ultimately, digital signatures remove the costs of physical document processing and the checks required along the way. Therefore, this form of digital streamlining frees up administrative hours that can be used more cost-effectively elsewhere.

The future of digital signatures

There are many ways that digital signatures will continue to evolve in finance in the years to come. For one, artificial intelligence can learn to recognise signatures from data to automatically approve payments, calculate money received and sent, and search for anomalies.

What’s more, companies may also use blockchain technology to create records and contracts with even more irrefutability. Digitally signed documents, established on the blockchain, will be even harder to counterfeit or dispute.

Up to 80% of US businesses are already using digital signatures in some shape or form, with that number likely to grow exponentially by the start of the next decade. However, now is the time to start taking steps towards making signage digital, regardless of what trends suggest.

The post Finance moves to digital signatures appeared first on International Finance.