For institutional investors, this represents a fundamental pivot. The last decade was defined by “growth at all costs.” The next decade will be defined by “resilience at any price.” Deep tech—specifically the convergence of space infrastructure, advanced energy, and industrial robotics—is no longer a speculative frontier. It is the defensive backbone of the modern state and the offensive engine of future industrial productivity.

Space: The invisible infrastructure

Space technology has graduated from scientific curiosity to critical utility. It is a mistake to view space as vertical; it is a horizontal enabler, an “invisible infrastructure” akin to the internet or GPS, upon which terrestrial industries now depend. We are seeing a shift from launch-focused investments to orbital utility.

The most valuable opportunities lie in “Earth-first” applications. Sovereign nations and multinational corporations are demanding independent satellite constellations for secure communications, climate monitoring, and resource management. We are moving toward a real-time, sensor-rich planetary interface. Investors who recognise space assets as the ultimate high-ground real estate—delivering proprietary data and connectivity to agriculture, logistics, and defence—will capture returns that are uncorrelated with traditional consumer market cycles.

Energy security as an asset class

Energy access is now a critical issue of national security. The fragility of global energy grids has exposed a desperate need for decentralised, high-density power sources. This drives our conviction in next-generation nuclear capabilities, such as micro-reactors and radioisotope power systems, alongside breakthroughs in hydrogen and fusion.

The winners in this sector will not just be those who generate power, but those who solve the “storage and mobility” paradox. We are investing in technologies that decouple energy availability from geography. Whether powering a remote data centre for AI training or a lunar outpost, the physics are the same. By backing companies that miniaturise and ruggedise energy systems, we are effectively buying options on industrial continuity in an unstable world.

The era of physical intelligence

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have dominated headlines, the true productivity revolution awaits the arrival of “Physical AI”—intelligence embodied in robotics. The industrial base is suffering from a chronic labour shortage that demographic trends will only worsen. Software cannot change the physical world; robots can.

We are witnessing the transition from rigid automation to adaptive autonomy. Robots are acquiring the ability to perceive, reason, and act in unstructured environments. This is the bridge between the digital brain and the physical hand. For investors, the alpha lies in “vertical robotics”—machines purpose-built for specific, high-value workflows in manufacturing, mining, and construction. This is not about replacing humans; it is about re-industrialising economies with higher margins and anti-fragility.

Deep tech is for those who understand compounding and harbour those who seek generational impact, challenging the investor mindset. It requires an investor mindset that balances the rigours of physics with the realities of finance. As we look toward 2026, the question for Limited Partners is not “is it too risky?” but rather “can we afford to be excluded from the infrastructure that will run the world?” At Beyond Earth Ventures, we believe the future belongs to the builders.

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Through her leadership at Beyond Earth Ventures and strategic partnerships with leading deep tech firms, Vidyuk has demonstrated an exceptional ability to identify and nurture technologies that address both terrestrial challenges and space exploration needs. Her track record includes early investments in companies like Lunar Outpost, Zeno Power, and Tandem PV, which are redefining infrastructure for a more resilient future.

With over 60,000 subscribers following her insights through Space Ambition and recognition as a Karman Pioneer among the top 50 space leaders globally in 2025, Vidyuk represents the new generation of investors who understand that deep tech is not just an investment opportunity—it’s an imperative for humanity’s future.

In an exclusive interview with International Finance, Alexandra Vidyuk, CEO & General Partner of Beyond Earth Ventures, shares insights on why deep tech is becoming the most resilient and essential investment class in today’s volatile geopolitical climate, highlighting how strategic sectors like space, energy, and next-gen computing are shaping a new era of infrastructure, national security, long-term wealth creation, and beyond.

How do geopolitical tensions and trade wars make deep tech a more attractive investment compared to traditional tech sectors?

Geopolitical tensions and trade wars make deep tech more attractive because deep tech operates on a fundamentally different level, focusing on infrastructure rather than interface. While traditional tech sectors are more exposed to consumer sentiment, regulatory shifts, and global supply chain fragility, deep tech addresses enduring, non-negotiable needs: energy, defence, space, and compute. These aren’t subject to political cycles; they’re dictated by physics and long-term strategic imperatives.

It doesn’t matter who’s in office five or ten years from now, because we’ll still need more energy, resilient infrastructure, and secure systems. Space isn’t going away. Government and defence budgets are pouring into these sectors, accelerating adoption and funding R&D that startups can commercialise. For example, proposals like Trump’s Golden Dome may sound political, but in practice, they catalyse innovation in dual-use technologies, such as space-based sensing, energy networks, and hardened compute, which have profound civil applications. In this climate, deep tech isn’t just resilient; it’s essential.

With deep tech projected to grow at a CAGR of 48.2% through 2031, what sectors within it do you see as most promising right now?

It’s important to distinguish between early-stage R&D and research-ready sectors, and as investors, that’s exactly our job. We focus on identifying areas where scientific breakthroughs are transitioning into scalable, defensible businesses. Based on our investment thesis at Beyond Earth Ventures, we see generational wealth creation potential today in space, robotics, next-gen computing, and energy.

Given the capital-intensive and long R&D cycles in deep tech, how should investors adjust their expectations around ROI and time horizons?

First of all, there are a lot of misconceptions about deep tech and its timelines compared to typical tech cycles. Many investors got used to the crypto cycle, expecting outsized returns in 18 to 36 months, but that was an anomaly. Even in traditional tech, the average time from founding to IPO in the US is still around 16 years. Deep tech isn’t unusually long; it’s just unusually real.

Yes, deep tech is capital-intensive, but it also builds defensible moats that aren’t vulnerable to the next LLM release. A product like DeepSeek might disrupt half a SaaS portfolio overnight, but it’s not going to wipe out your rockets, fusion reactors, or novel materials platforms. These are long-term bets, but they’re anchored in infrastructure, not user engagement.

Investors should adjust their expectations accordingly—this is about building the backbone of the future, not chasing the next growth hack. The returns are slower to mature, but far more resilient when they do.

How can deep tech investors mitigate risk, especially in early-stage ventures that hinge on scientific breakthroughs?

Risk mitigation in deep tech requires three fundamental strategies. First, scientific due diligence with expert networks is non-negotiable. We maintain relationships with leading researchers and former government scientists who can evaluate the technical feasibility of breakthrough claims.

Second, we focus on companies with dual-use applications and multiple market pathways. This diversification reduces dependence on any single commercial outcome.

Third, we prioritise founders with deep domain expertise and proven track records in translating research into commercial applications. At Beyond Earth Ventures, we systematically evaluate whether teams have the technical depth to navigate inevitable scientific challenges while maintaining a commercial focus. Additionally, we structure investments to align with government funding cycles and policy initiatives, leveraging public sector support to reduce private risk exposure.

To what extent are governments driving deep tech innovation as a national security priority, and how can startups align with these national agendas?

Government policy has become the primary catalyst for deep tech innovation, particularly in strategic sectors like semiconductors, quantum computing, and space technology. The convergence of the US CHIPS Act, European Chips Act, US Golden Dome and similar initiatives in Asia creates a coordinated global push for technological sovereignty. This represents a fundamental shift from market-driven innovation to policy-driven strategic development.

Startups can capitalise on this trend by aligning their technology roadmaps with national priorities. This means understanding export controls, developing dual-use capabilities, and building relationships with government and research institutions.

Companies that successfully navigate security clearances and regulatory frameworks gain access to massive government contracts and preferential treatment in policy implementation. The key is demonstrating how your technology addresses national security or economic competitiveness challenges.

Why are deep tech startups often more resilient during economic downturns compared to consumer-facing tech companies?

Deep tech’s resilience stems from addressing fundamental infrastructure needs rather than discretionary consumer spending. During economic uncertainty, governments and enterprises prioritise investments that enhance productivity, security, and competitiveness, precisely what deep tech delivers. Unlike consumer apps that face immediate budget cuts, deep tech solutions often become more essential during challenging periods.

Additionally, deep tech companies typically maintain longer development cycles and stronger intellectual property positions, making them less susceptible to rapid market shifts. Government contracts and strategic partnerships provide stable revenue streams independent of consumer sentiment. The recent market data confirms this: deep tech funding remained relatively stable while consumer tech investments plummeted.

How are companies like Lunar Outpost and Xona Space Systems redefining infrastructure for a more resilient and decentralised future?

These companies exemplify the space-terrestrial convergence that defines next-generation infrastructure. Lunar Outpost’s Mobile Autonomous Prospecting Platform (MAPP) rovers demonstrate how lunar surface operations can inform terrestrial robotics for extreme environments. Their technology applies equally to Mars exploration and deep-sea mining operations on Earth.

Xona Space Systems represents an even more fundamental infrastructure shift, developing satellite constellations that provide centimetre-level accuracy positioning compared to GPS’s metre-level precision. This accuracy enables autonomous vehicle deployment, precision agriculture, and advanced robotics applications previously impossible. By operating from low Earth orbit with distributed atomic clock architectures, they’re creating resilient infrastructure immune to traditional GPS vulnerabilities.

What kind of innovations in deep tech are most critical in tackling climate change and resource scarcity today?

Climate-focused deep tech must tackle systemic challenges rather than offer incremental improvements. Fusion energy, for example, represents a transformative solution.

We are actively monitoring companies like Commonwealth Fusion and others to identify the right timing for investment. We’re also exploring emerging technologies such as perovskite solar cells, which we believe could address key efficiency gaps. Additionally, we see significant potential in the hydrogen economy as a major area of future growth.

How important is collaboration between startups, governments, and research institutions in accelerating deep tech commercialisation?

Collaboration is essential. Deep tech commercialisation cannot succeed through traditional startup models alone.

The complexity of breakthrough technologies requires resources and expertise that no single entity possesses. Government research institutions provide fundamental scientific capabilities, while startups offer commercial agility and market focus.

At Beyond Earth Ventures, we actively facilitate these collaborations through our network of government partners, research institutions, and corporate strategic investors. The most successful deep tech companies leverage government grants for early-stage research, partner with universities for talent and facilities, and collaborate with large corporations for market access and scaling capabilities. This ecosystem approach accelerates development while reducing individual risk exposure.

What advice would you give to limited partners or venture capitalists who are new to deep tech investing but want to be part of this emerging supercycle?

First, invest in learning before investing capital. Deep tech requires understanding scientific principles, regulatory environments, and technology development cycles that differ fundamentally from traditional venture investing. Build relationships with technical advisors who can evaluate breakthrough claims and market potential.

Second, start with established fund managers who have demonstrated deep tech expertise and portfolio success. The technical due diligence requirements and longer investment cycles make this space particularly challenging for new investors. Consider co-investment opportunities with experienced deep tech funds to gain exposure while learning investment processes.

Finally, focus on dual-use technologies and companies with multiple market applications. This reduces risk while maximising market potential. At Beyond Earth Ventures, we target technologies that address both terrestrial and space challenges, creating resilient investment opportunities across economic cycles. The deep tech supercycle represents a generational opportunity, but success requires patience, expertise, and strategic collaboration.

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New Glenn’s flight marks Blue Origin’s entrance into a market dominated by Elon Musk’s SpaceX and is crucial to unlocking the centi-billionaire founder’s larger ambitions. The New Glenn flight carried a single small test payload into space.

Originally, the company aimed for the audacious feat of flying NASA’s “ESCAPADE” mission to Mars on New Glenn’s debut. However, with a dwindling launch window, the agency delayed ESCAPADE to a later launch. However, we will focus not on Blue Origin, but on the ecosystem in which the venture is operating: space tourism.

A growing industry

Seattle-headquartered Blue Origin is now planning to scale the New Glenn missions quickly, performing as many as 10 launches in 2025 alone. Given that the rocket was originally targeted for a 2020 debut, it has faced years of delays. The long-term plan for the venture is to challenge the dominance of SpaceX in the American rocketry market.

In May 2024, it announced the resumption of space tourist flights after an almost two-year hiatus resulting from a failed unmanned test flight in 2022. The concept of “space tourism” has become more of a commercial activity, with people travelling into space for recreational purposes rather than scientific or professional reasons. The industry has seen a surge in recent years, with several companies offering seats on their spacecraft to citizens willing to pay a premium to experience spaceflight.

Space tourism started in April 2001, when American businessman and engineer Dennis Tito became the first-ever “space tourist” to travel to space aboard a Soyuz-TM32 spacecraft, sponsored by Space Adventures. Since then, 63 individuals have experienced the thrill of spaceflight as tourists, with notable surges in private individuals launching in 2021 and 2022.

As of 2025, there are five names synonymous with “space tourism”: Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, Space Adventures, SpaceX, and Axiom Space. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital, and lunar space tourism. In 2023, Global Market Insights published a report estimating that the industry may be worth $129 billion by 2032.

According to experts, more than the technical implications, space tourism needs to address legal and environmental considerations. At a time when all industrial verticals of the 21st-century global economy are going green, people are flagging the potential pollution that space travel may produce. However, the sector is well aware of this and is taking early steps to avoid controversies. Blue Origin, in one of its flights, used hydrogen and liquid oxygen, which are fuels with a lower environmental footprint.

Rules being rewritten

What about balloons carrying space tourists into the high stratosphere? Yes, it’s becoming a reality, as aerospace companies like Spain’s Halo Space, France’s Zephalto, and Florida’s Space Perspective are working towards earning commercial licenses that could come as early as 2025.

Attached to advanced stratospheric “space” balloons, specially designed luxury capsules, like Space Perspective’s Neptune, will travel at around 12 miles per hour on a six-hour journey from the surface of the planet, 100,000 feet into the stratosphere before descending back to Earth.

Space Perspective Co-founder Jane Poynter said, “The gradual ascent will allow people’s minds to adjust to the scale change of geography, like the Florida peninsula, as the famous landmass slowly shrinks.”

Such conditions lead to the overview effect, which NASA describes as a powerful shift in the way space travellers think about Earth and their place in the cosmos. People inside Space Perspective’s Neptune spaceship will experience the same gravity as on Earth, as well as little to no turbulence. During the journey’s apex, passengers will be able to see the Earth’s blue curvature through 360-degree panoramic windows.

“The capsule also comes equipped with the amenities you would expect from a private jet, including Wi-Fi connectivity (for those selfies in space), a stocked bar, and the finest gourmet cuisine served during the flight. A trip aboard space balloon Neptune can also be customised for those who want to buy out an entire flight for their family and friends,” Poynter told Jetset, while further stating that clients have expressed interest in releasing albums from space, hosting weddings, and even bringing their pianos onboard.

Halo Space and Zephalto’s spacecraft will take around four hours to reach the highest level of the journey, the apogee, where passengers will escape approximately 99% of the Earth’s atmosphere. Although technically still in the stratosphere, the altitude will make it seem as though they are floating above the Earth, according to Halo Space’s website, promising an accessible, cheaper way to experience views a relative few have ever witnessed. Like Space Perspective’s Neptune, these other capsules have been designed to enhance the view from the high stratosphere and promote a comfortable, social atmosphere.

Inspired by “art de vivre,” or “the knowledge of how to enjoy life,” the view from Zephalto’s Celeste capsule’s interior has been customised for a contemplative experience—promoting total immersion in observing the Earth from 15.5 miles into the stratosphere. The company plans to begin commercial flights in 2025, with all flights already fully booked. Zephalto initially plans six flights a year.

Zephalto and Halo Space will have pilots onboard, with the overall flight automated and closely monitored from Earth. The capsules have parachutes built in for the event that the stratospheric balloons fail.

What makes space ballooning a safe travel option is its proven performance record. NASA and the European Space Agency have been using balloons to conduct research, and none of them has ever experienced inflight failure. Balloon flights will also come at a significantly lower price point, with each ride costing $125,000 per person.

A beginning of an ecosystem

What was once a government-controlled domain, space travel has taken a capitalistic turn post-2000, with the trio of Jeff Bezos, Richard Branson, and Elon Musk, through their space ventures (Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, and SpaceX), ushering in a new era where travelling to the unknown has taken a “leisurely” turn, compared to the NASA or European Space Agency missions, where resources are deployed to learn more about our planetary systems and galaxies.

The most common tourist offerings available now are the multi-million-dollar suborbital flights that give travellers a quick hit of space. Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin, for example, recently saw its rocket, “New Shepard,” complete its 26th flight. In September 2024, SpaceX sent the Polaris Dawn crew into orbit aboard its Dragon capsule, hitting the highest altitude since Apollo and performing the first spacewalk by commercial astronauts.

SpaceX also had a breakthrough with its first successful “chopsticks” landing, using mechanical arms to catch the Super Heavy booster after launch. This system could reshape space tourism by cutting costs and boosting launch frequency. By eliminating traditional landing gear and accelerating rocket reuse, the method will reduce turnaround times between flights. For the space tourism market, this innovation brings SpaceX closer to affordable, mass-accessible space travel.

Also, brands are trying to leverage the cultural aspect of space. Omega, which supplied watches for NASA on the Apollo mission, now has a next-generation moon watch. American sportswear company “Under Armour” created the spacesuits for Virgin Galactic pilots. Adidas is partnering with the ISS National Lab to test footwear in the extreme conditions of space, designing “for athletes on and off Earth.”

Renowned luxury retailer Prada created the spacesuits for Axiom Space, whose mission includes boosting space tourism. Axiom is ready for all the various sizes and shapes of human bodies, noting that the suits have increased sizing and adjustability to accommodate a wider range of the general population.

However, the eventual future of space tourism hinges upon several key factors: the ability to accommodate people in orbit, evolving regulations and legal frameworks, and the level of demand from wealthy customers. By 2035, the World Economic Forum projects the space tourism market to reach $4-6 billion annually, driven primarily by luxury stays aboard space stations, with ultra-wealthy individuals eager to experience life beyond Earth.

Suborbital flights, while expected to become more affordable over time, are predicted to account for a smaller slice of revenue, generating $1-$2 billion a year. However, the growth potential could expand significantly if larger spacecraft, like SpaceX’s Starship, begin taking more passengers on short orbital trips.

As private companies push the boundaries of space tourism, the risks associated with spaceflight will remain. Will there be a scenario like the extended stay of NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams aboard the ISS be avoided? The answer is no. Originally intended to last just over a week, their mission has stretched into months since 2024 due to a series of technical failures aboard Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft.

NASA and Boeing had to return the Starliner to Earth without its crew. Now, the two astronauts are set to return in early 2025 aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, demonstrating how unpredictable and fraught with challenges space travel remains.

Environment: The biggest con

Critics have pointed to the environmental impact of frequent rocket launches, which release vast amounts of carbon dioxide and pollutants, potentially undoing years of climate progress. Then there is the debate around the wealth disparity each trip represents. Some detractors also wonder whether resources being funnelled into space tourism could be better spent addressing critical issues on Earth, such as poverty.

However, the climate concerns are genuine here, as the emissions for a space tourist are astronomically higher (as much as 100 times higher per tourist), according to a 2021 estimate. Creating the necessary thrust to reach the escape velocity required to break free of Earth’s gravitational pull requires the burning of a phenomenal amount of fuel. The hot exhaust produced by rocket thrusters alters the physics and chemistry of the surrounding atmosphere as it passes through it.

“Rockets release a huge amount of water vapour into the atmosphere, and this occurs at considerably higher altitudes than with aeroplanes. While water sounds harmless, high in the atmosphere, where there is almost no water, it has a potent warming effect. The high temperatures generated during launch and re-entry transform the nitrogen naturally in the air into nitrogen oxides, potent greenhouse gases,” stated Carbon Market Watch.

Some two-thirds of the exhaust from rocket launches gets absorbed in the stratosphere (second layer of the atmosphere) and the mesosphere (third layer). Scientists are yet to fully understand the long-term effects of pollution so high up in the atmosphere, with some dubbing it the “ignorosphere.” However, scientists are now attempting to penetrate the fog around the climate impact of rocket launches. In addition to their warming effects, nitrogen oxides and water vapour pumped into the stratosphere deplete the ozone layer by converting ozone into oxygen. This can threaten the recovery of the ozone layer, which has accompanied the decades-old phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.

“Although a rocket launch releases, on average, a seventh of the carbon dioxide emitted by an aeroplane, it emits hundreds of times more carbon soot particles than a plane. Carbon soot, also known as black carbon, absorbs light from the sun and then releases it as thermal energy, warming the surrounding air. In the atmosphere, soot falls back down to the ground in a matter of weeks. However, in the stratosphere, it can hang there for up to four years, prolonging its damaging effect. This is reflected in the fact that even though rocket soot represents only 0.01% of soot emissions, it was responsible for some 3% of the global warming effect caused by the soot humanity pumps into the atmosphere, according to one estimate,” Carbon Market Watch noted.

A rocket launch upsets the delicate CO2 balance in the higher reaches of the atmosphere. Starting from around 43.5 km up, a Falcon 9 (SpaceX launcher) spews out more CO2 than is contained in a cubic kilometre of air for each kilometre it climbs, researchers calculated. At 70 km, this climbs to an astounding 25 times the CO2 in a cubic kilometre of surrounding air.

At present, space flight is equivalent to at most 2% of the emissions of the aviation sector, but plans to expand space tourism and commercial spaceflight could lead the sector’s climate footprint to explode, leading to far-reaching environmental consequences. The soot released by increased traffic would raise temperatures in the stratosphere, deplete the ozone, and have a warming effect that is almost 500 times more intense than similar emissions from aircraft or surface sources.

“This black carbon would also disrupt atmospheric circulation by slowing the movement of air from the tropics to the upper atmosphere,” another study concluded, “leading to further depletion of the ozone layer. The researchers discovered that the stratosphere is sensitive to relatively modest black carbon injections,” Carbon Market Watch observed.

Space tourism: The future is now

The World Monuments Fund, whose mission is to preserve cultural heritage sites around the globe, in a January 15 announcement, named the moon among 25 at-risk sites, with the expectation that trips to the lunar surface will become the norm in the not-so-distant future. The WMF now warns that moon tourism could threaten more than 90 lunar landing and impact sites, including Tranquillity Base, where American astronaut Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon.

WMF officials fear the lunar landscape may be victim to looters looking for souvenirs and private lunar exploration, potentially destroying iconic footprints and tracks that are part of human history if something isn’t done to protect them now. The organisation is now urging international collaboration to preserve the moon.

While the concept of space travel has been all about democratising the exploration of the unknown, it also comes with the “climate risk,” along with the bigger worry of threatening the sanctity of, for example, lunar landing and impact sites. While the idea of “space tourism” has an exciting prospect for the future, in order to be fully successful, it must address the concerns raised by detractors, especially those related to the environment.

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Recently, the 13th session of the Abu Dhabi – Singapore Joint Forum (ADSJF) was held virtually. It took place under the co-chairmanship and in attendance of Khaldoon Al Mubarak, Chairman of the Executive Affairs Authority of Abu Dhabi and S Iswaran, Minister-in-Charge of Trade Relations. The session was also attended by the UAE Space Agency and Singapore’s national space office. Ambassadors of the involved countries were also present, in addition to the officials and senior representatives from several key public and private entities in the UAE and Singapore. The Co-Chairs reaffirmed the strong bilateral relations between the UAE and Singapore.

The Office for Space Technology and Industry (OSTIn) signed a Letter of Intent expressing their interest to team up in the areas of space technologies, space law and policies along with human capital development. During the session, the Abu Dhabi School of Government and the Civil Service College Singapore signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enable greater and in-depth exchanges between the public sectors of the two countries. This initiative of knowledge sharing and experience will focus on the latest and current topics like public sector leadership, governance, public administration and management, digital literacy and well being.

It is to note that Abu Dhabi – Singapore Joint Forum was established in 2007 and further, in 2019, the two governments formed a Joint Declaration on a Singapore – UAE Comprehensive Partnership.

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The Emirates News Agency reported, the total figure is split in three ways: AED22.1bn in imports, AED4.47bn in exports and AED866mn in re-exports.

Following the UAE visit of South Korean President Moon Jae the numbers have been exposed to identify opportunities in sectors such as energy, healthcare, science, space and technology.

According to Arabian Business, Ahmed Abdul Salam Kazim, director of strategy and corporate excellence, Dubai Customs, said: “The visit of the South Korean President Moon Jae-in to the UAE is an indication of the solid relationship between the two states and will explore opportunities between the two countries in the realms of energy, healthcare, science, space and technology.”

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