IAPH has over 150 of the world’s leading ports as members, widely regarded as a benchmark for governance, safety, and environmental challenges in the maritime sector.

Industry players say the IAPH move is partly designed to reassure terminal lease bidders and ESG-conscious lenders that Santos will universally recognise standards for emission, safety, and transparency, easing financing and permitting for the planned cluster of new terminals.

Through IAPH, Santos Port Authority gains direct entry to tools such as the Environmental Ship Index (ESI) and the World Ports Sustainability Programme (WPSP), which function as global knowledge platforms for green port operations and emissions‑reduction strategies.

The authority says this alignment will help Santos refine its carbon‑reduction roadmap, including investments in alternative fuels, energy‑efficient handling equipment, and cleaner vessel‑incentive schemes.

Santos has around 120 million tons of cargo per year and roughly 30-35% of its total foreign trade. The Santos Port Authority also signals plans for electrified quay cranes and shore power infrastructure for large vessels, which it intends to calibrate using ESI and WPSP benchmarks.

Strategically, the move comes as Santos is expanding its land footprint by more than 50%, from 9.3 km² to 14.5 km², with plans to tender up to 30 new terminals and an export‑processing zone (ZPE) starting in 2027. The Santos Port Authority leadership has framed the IAPH membership as a way to benchmark that growth against leading global ports and attract private‑sector operators with modern, compliant, and ESG‑aligned infrastructure.

Industry analysts interpret Santos’ IAPH accession as a step toward positioning the port as a regional model for sustainable port‑city development, particularly as Latin American trade corridors grow in importance for global exporters and shippers.

Analysts suggest that Santos will become Latin America’s reference port for sustainable expansion at a time when European and North American shippers are increasingly demanding validated ESG performance from gateway terminals.

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The new services (GULF SHUTTLE, REDEX, JADE, AE19 and SE4), launched in collaboration with major global shipping companies including MSC, CMA CGM, Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd, will operate across multiple maritime routes linking Saudi ports with key regional and international destinations, expanding connectivity and improving logistics performance.

According to Saudi Gazette, these services provide a combined capacity of approximately 63,594 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), strengthening the operational capabilities of Saudi ports and offering greater flexibility for exporters and importers while supporting smoother trade flows.

The initiative will mitigate the impact of disruptions affecting vital maritime corridors, including the all-crucial Strait of Hormuz, while enhancing Red Sea connectivity, to improve overall supply chain efficiency.

Stating that all Saudi-based ports will be integrated with the action plan, Mawani further said the move is part of proactive efforts to enhance the maritime sector’s readiness by ensuring uninterrupted supply chains and strengthening the reliability of Saudi ports as key nodes in international trade.

Mawani will also provide integrated services for ships in the Eastern Region, including fuel, water, essential supplies, crew changes, and other operational requirements to keep the Gulf region’s maritime operations running.

As part of the initiative, the authority will also provide an updated list of approved ship suppliers and fuel service providers, enabling industry stakeholders to coordinate their needs directly and efficiently with these entities. Mawani has also kept its customer service and knowledge centre operational to proactively handle inquiries and facilitate requests.

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Though Kenyan avocados are delicious, Europeans are not just content with flavour. They have deeper concerns about the environmental cost of production and logistics.

The EU’s Farm to Fork Strategy and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) have been introduced to ensure that food production and logistics are ethical and cause minimal harm to the planet.

Kenyan exporters are well aware that sustainability is no longer optional and is a prerequisite for market access to one of the wealthiest markets in the world. Maersk has recognised this demand and is rebranding its logistical network as ‘Blue Shipping’, an end-to-end framework for decarbonising cargo movement from inland farms to ocean freight, to meet the sustainable demands of Kenyan premium produce.

The Carbon Footprint Problem With Perishable Goods

Perishable logistics is a race against time. It requires precise temperature control, and the journey is often complex. Traditionally, people used the cold chain model, which is just uninterrupted refrigeration.

However, that is very energy-intensive and does not comply with EU demands. It is also definitely bad for the planet. Refrigerated transport alone accounts for roughly 2.5%-3% of global logistics carbon dioxide emissions.

Not just that, if there are inefficiencies, delay of any kind, or equipment failure, the food is spoiled. Spoiled food emits methane, which is around 80 times more harmful to the planet than carbon dioxide over 20 years.

Kenyan exporters face two challenges simultaneously. One is the distance (journey from Mombasa to Rotterdam takes 20-25 days), and the other is the climate impact. If they optimise for speed, they create a lot of emissions and waste. However, if they optimise for environmental sensitivities, the cost surges.

This is where Maersk comes in. According to Tito Okuku, Managing Director of Maersk East Africa: “The avocado season is a critical time for Kenyan exporters, and we are committed to providing not just transportation services, but comprehensive support that empowers our customers to meet the world’s growing demand for premium Kenyan avocados.”

Decarbonisation And Waste Reduction Through ‘Blue Shipping’

Maersk has been committed to decarbonising logistics and reaching net zero emissions by 2040 through ‘Blue Shipping’. The company hopes to achieve this through different methods, including strategic resource positioning and inland optimisation.

In the world of logistics, strategic resource positioning and in-line optimisation are the two gears that make a global supply chain more efficient.

Strategic resource positioning is the art of placing physical assets such as shipping containers, trucks, or specialised equipment, in the exact locations where they need to be before demand spikes.

In agriculture, harvest seasons are sudden and massive. If empty refrigerated containers (reefers) are sitting in Mombasa and the avocados are harvested 500 kilometres away in central Kenya, a lot of time is wasted just moving these reefers next to the farm.

To address this, a strategic move involves analysing historical data to figure out when the peak harvest will be, and moving the empty resources to the staging areas a few weeks in advance. This ensures that produce is picked, packed, and boarded onto container ships quickly, thus improving shelf life.

Inland optimisation is about how things move between the farm and the ship. Maersk focuses on the first and middle mile, which involves transporting goods from the farm to the warehouse, and then from the warehouse to the port.

Another point of focus is the ’empty mile’, which is also called ’deadheading’. This refers to when a truck drives empty to pick up a load.

Optimisation software ensures that the truck is already delivering something to rural areas, only picking up avocados after unloading whatever goods (such as fertilisers) it has brought. This software might suggest that utilising a train for the long-haul journey from the dry port to the coast is a more cost-effective option than using a fleet of trucks.

Furthermore, inland optimisation involves streamlining various processes, such as handling customs and pre-clearance, documentation, and inspections. All of these critical steps must occur without disruption.

Reefer Technology And Training

The second part of ‘Blue Shipping’ involves state-of-the-art reefer technology and training. Maersk has developed and deployed advanced refrigerated shipping technology with atmospheric controls, while also providing specialised technical training to exporters regarding proper reefer handling and cold chain management.

The third method is efficient ocean routing and freight decarbonisation.

Maersk prioritises vessel capacity on the Kenyan-European trade route and focuses on high schedule reliability. Reliable, efficient routing minimises the time produce spends at sea, preserving shelf life and reducing the total energy required for refrigeration during transit.

Capitalising On Appetite For Avocados

European per capita avocado consumption has grown dramatically, and so has its compliance bar. According to a 2013-2024 analysis of the European Union by Indexbox, Italy recorded the fastest compound annual growth rate in avocado consumption at about +20.9% in that period. In 2024, Europe consumed around 1.1 million tonnes of avocados, marking a 8.1% increase since 2023.

The World Avocado Organisation (WAO) found that Spain leads European per capita consumption at 4.6 kg per person per year, followed by the Netherlands at 3.3 kg and Portugal at 3.1 kg. Data from 2020-2024 revealed other consumption levels across the continent, with France at 2.31 kg, the UK at 1.7 kg, Germany at 1.48 kg, and Italy at 0.81 kg.

The growing appetite for avocado is creating opportunities for exporters in Kenya. But, they would not be able to access European markets without a sustainability tag.

Maersk helps small African producers gain access and compete in the European markets through sustainable logistics. Whether that access holds and expands will depend less on the quality of the fruit and more on the reliability of the supply chain delivering it to the market.

The post How Maersk change to ‘Blue Shipping’ is helping Kenyan avocados meet EU standards on sustainability appeared first on International Finance.

According to Gene Seroka, executive director for the Port of Los Angeles, total processed cargo volume at the facility in January was down by approximately 12% year over year, citing a decline in agricultural exports as among the major factors. He further told CNBC, “Exports to China look dismal,” suggesting that the shipping activity towards the world’s second-largest economy has dropped considerably across the United States’ major ports, with containerised exports down 26% in 2025. As per the data published by the port authorities, Los Angeles took a big hit on the crucial agricultural export of soybeans.

In early 2026, President Donald Trump announced China was considering purchasing an additional eight million metric tons of American soybeans (totalling 20 million) for the current season, following the October 2025 agreement to buy 12 million tons. Soybeans coming out of the Port of Los Angeles to China were down 80% last year, and despite the high-profile declaration from the Republican, no improvement was seen in either November or December after the initial discussions between the world’s two largest economies.

“It’s a really important part of the overall export strategy here. Argentina and Brazil have picked up a lot of the contracts for China on soybeans,” Seroka said, while adding that any increase in the American farm sector’s ability to export will take time.

“These are not transactional-type applications. These are agreements that are for the last three, six, and twelve months in duration. So, it’ll be yet another cycle before the US soybean exporter has a chance to bid and get into the game,” the senior official added.

“The Port of Los Angeles reported roughly 812,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) for January, including imports, exports and empty containers. In January 2025, roughly 924,000 TEUs were reported, fuelled by front-loading of freight ahead of not only the major holiday period in Asia but the start of President Trump’s second-term tariffs. Breaking out the container count, January imports were 421,000 container units, down almost 13% from last year’s higher levels. On the export side, 104,000 container units were processed, a close to 8% drop year over year,” CNBC reported.

“Empty export containers that during times of high demand are sent back to Asia, a forward-looking indicator of Asia demand, came in at 286,000 TEUs, a 12.5% drop from last year,” the port authority stated.

According to Seroka, elevated 2025 numbers from a period when importers were scrambling to get cargo in ahead of Trump tariffs will continue to be a factor in comparisons throughout 2026.

“US trade policy remains largely uncertain, and I expect that to continue,” he concluded.

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Under the agreement signed on February 5, AD Ports Group and ADC will establish a joint venture (JV) to manage and operate the Hashemite Kingdom’s only general cargo and multipurpose seaport on the Red Sea. The venture will also hold a 70% stake in the joint venture with ADC owning the remaining 30%. The joint venture will assume formal operational charge of the terminal in August 2026.

“The Aqaba Multipurpose Port handles general cargo, grains, livestock, roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) and project cargo. It has an annual handling capacity of 11 million tonnes, supported by nine berths, a quay length of about two kilometres and a draft of 13.5 metres. In 2025, the terminal processed more than 5.3 million tonnes of cargo and nearly 85,000 car equivalent units (CEUs) of Ro-Ro imports,” reported Zawya Projects.

Port of Aqaba has become Jordan’s primary gateway for foreign trade, handling around 80% of the Hashemite Kingdom’s exports and 65% of its imports. The facility also serves as a key transit hub for neighbouring markets, including Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The state-backed entity is also spearheading the USD 10 billion Marsa Zayed beachfront resort and residential community in Aqaba. In February 2025, the Group appointed UAE-based MAG Group Holding as the lead developer for the first phase of the project.

In January 2024, the Group also signed a shareholders’ agreement between its digital arm, Maqta Technologies, and ADC to implement its Port Community System (PCS) for the Port of Aqaba.

In December 2024, ADC issued a Request for Qualification (RFQ) tender for the management, operation, and development of King Hussein International Airport, listed among the five strategic projects announced in December 2021. Since January 2023, the venture has been operating Aqaba’s first cruise terminal, which was the first of the five projects to be operationalised.

The post AD Ports Group to invest USD 38 million in Jordan’s Aqaba Multipurpose Port appeared first on International Finance.

The MoU signing, held in Kuwait City, was witnessed by Dr. Noura Al Mashaan, Minister of Public Works of the State of Kuwait, and Dr. Thani bin Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, Minister of Foreign Trade.

The MoU was signed by Sheikh Khaled Salem Al Sabah, Director-General of the Kuwait Ports Authority, and Captain Mohamed Juma Al Shamisi, Managing Director and Group CEO of AD Ports Group.

AD Ports Group will prepare the technical, environmental, and financial feasibility studies, in accordance with internationally recognised specifications and standards agreed by both parties, apart from identifying the project’s infrastructure requirements. Supporting this collaboration, the Kuwait Ports Authority, on its part, will designate the project site at Shuaiba Port, and collaborate with AD Ports Group in completing the required studies, as well as facilitate the obtention of all necessary licences and approvals from relevant authorities.

Sheikh Khaled Salem Al Sabah, Director-General of the Kuwait Ports Authority, said, “This agreement reflects the Kuwait Ports Authority’s commitment to strengthening cooperation with AD Ports Group in the maritime transport and ports sector, and to promoting joint investment and economic collaboration based on mutual interests and shared benefits. We are pleased to work with AD Ports Group, a leading global enabler of trade, industry and logistics, on the development of Shuaiba Port, as well as the operation of the container terminal and its quays. We are confident that this collaboration will enhance the port’s capabilities and strengthen its role in supporting maritime trade and transport in the State of Kuwait.”

Captain Mohamed Juma Al Shamisi, Managing Director and Group CEO of AD Ports Group, noted, “Our cooperation with the Kuwait Ports Authority, represents an extension of the strong partnership between AD Ports Group and leading institutions in the State of Kuwait. This collaboration aligns with the vision of our wise leadership in the UAE, aimed towards sharing our expertise and best practices with our partners across the GCC. As a leading provider of integrated trade and logistics solutions and a global developer of ports, terminals and related infrastructure, AD Ports Group would leverage its extensive experience to ensure the success of this project.”

The post Abu Dhabi Ports signs deal to develop, operate Kuwait’s Shuaiba container terminal appeared first on International Finance.

During an interaction with International Finance, Uygun Degirmenci, CEO and General Manager of SOCAR Terminal, said, “We are honoured to be recognised as Türkiye’s Most Integrated Port Operator for 2025. This award reaffirms our commitment to sustainability, digital transformation, and seamless operational excellence. At SOCAR Terminal, we look beyond today’s needs, shaping solutions for the future of global trade. Guided by innovation, environmental responsibility, and long-term value creation, we remain determined to set new benchmarks for our industry.”

The SOCAR Terminal is one of the largest container and general cargo port in Türkiye’s Aegean Region. With a 700-metre continuous quay, 16.5-metre water depth, and an annual capacity of 1.5 million TEUs, the facility is one of the few in the country capable of accommodating Ultra Large Container Ships (ULCS). Its 48-hectare area, equipped with three ship-to-shore cranes, ten rubber-tyred gantry cranes, and advanced land-side infrastructure, ensures the safe and efficient handling of multiple vessels simultaneously.

The terminal achieved strong results in 2024, handling 541,114 TEUs and hosting 630 vessels. These operations contributed directly to Türkiye’s imports and exports while generating regional economic value through customs, warehousing, and transport services. By mid-2025, the terminal had already processed more than 257,000 TEUs, sustaining its growth momentum.

Beyond container operations, SOCAR Terminal has become a hub for general cargo and heavy-lift projects, particularly in the renewable energy sector. Wind turbine components and oversized project cargo have strengthened the port’s expertise, while land-side operations achieved 226,465 gate movements in 2024, demonstrating high levels of efficiency in integrated logistics.

Digital transformation is central to SOCAR Terminal’s strategy. The company has introduced automated gate systems, pre-gate applications, AI-assisted cargo damage detection, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) projects to improve workflow efficiency.

Unified digital platforms provide real-time visibility into operations, enabling faster decision-making, stronger governance, and enhanced customer service. These innovations have set new standards in the industry, reflecting SOCAR Terminal’s belief that technology is the key to sustainable growth.

Sustainability continues to be a core focus of the company’s vision. It has measured its carbon footprint in line with ISO 14064-1:2018 standards and has committed to renewable energy projects, including solar power, while upholding a strict zero-waste policy. With plans to expand handling capacity to one million TEUs, the terminal is positioning itself as a sustainable logistics hub, not just for the Aegean Region, but for Türkiye’s broader trade network as well.

The “Most Integrated Port Operator – Türkiye 2025” award highlights the company’s holistic approach, combining infrastructure excellence, digital innovation, and environmental stewardship. SOCAR Terminal plays a vital role in the nation’s long-term trade strategy, advancing competitiveness in the Aegean Region and beyond.

While infrastructure and technology have remained critical pillars, financial governance has been an equally important driver of SOCAR Terminal’s success. CFO Kutlu Vardar, honoured as “Best CFO – Maritime Transportation – Türkiye 2025,” has redefined financial leadership at the company. With a career spanning PwC, Petkim, Tesco Kipa, and APM Terminals Türkiye, he has built expertise in risk management, financial governance, and digital transformation. Since joining SOCAR Terminal in 2018, Vardar has spearheaded ERP integration, established sustainable cash flow models, and replaced fragmented reporting systems with a unified digital platform for budgeting and consolidation.

These initiatives have improved transparency, accelerated closing cycles, and strengthened governance. For Kutlu Vardar, finance is not merely about numbers but about vision. He views risk as a strategic guide, agility as a necessity, and ethics as the cornerstone of leadership. The International Finance recognition highlights the CFO’s personal achievements and the resilience and transformation of SOCAR Terminal.

Together, these two awards showcase the integrated strength of SOCAR Terminal: world-class infrastructure, cutting-edge digitalisation, sustainable practices, and visionary financial leadership. The company plays a vital role in Türkiye’s global trade ambitions, setting benchmarks for innovation and integration in maritime logistics.

In addition to these achievements, SOCAR Türkiye—the country’s largest foreign direct investor and integrated industrial group—has taken a major step to expand and globalise its port operations under SOCAR Terminal. The company has entered into a strategic partnership with MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company), the world’s largest container carrier. Under the agreement signed in Baku on 15 September 2025, MSC’s global port operating subsidiary, Terminal Investment Limited (“TIL”), will become a shareholder in SOCAR Terminal.

Through this partnership, SOCAR Terminal will be integrated into TIL’s extensive global network, enhancing its existing capacity with new equipment and technology investments while improving operational efficiency. Furthermore, the terminal will make significant advances in digitalisation, sustainability, and infrastructure development. SOCAR Terminal is steadily progressing toward becoming not only the Aegean’s but the entire Eastern Mediterranean’s high-technology, secure, and sustainable logistics hub.

SOCAR Terminal’s journey is far from complete. With a commitment to continuous improvement, environmental stewardship, and forward-looking strategies, it is not just responding to today’s demands but actively shaping the future of port operations in Türkiye and beyond.

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On a post on its X (formerly Twitter) platform, Mwani Qatar, the integrated port and logistics services provider responsible for managing the Gulf nation’s seaports and shipping terminals, confirmed the news, as the cargo and container throughput increased by around 60% and 8% respectively, compared to November 2024. Livestock volumes and vessel arrivals also increased by 81% and 14% respectively.

“The ports received 272 vessels while the container handling through the three ports stood at 117,941 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units). The general and bulk cargo, RORO, livestock, and building materials during the same period accounted for 159,480 tonnes, 8,475 units, 50,373 heads, and 9,846 tonnes, respectively,” reported the Mwani Qatar data.

The Hamad, Ruwais, and Doha ports serve as an effective link between markets in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and America, contributing to reducing cargo transit time and improving the efficiency of supply chains. These facilities are also supporting the country’s plan to diversify the domestic economy by facilitating export and re-export operations, enhancing the ability of local industries to access foreign markets, and promoting maritime tourism.

“The ports received 245 vessels in October 2025, while the container handling through the three ports stood at 119,003 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units). The general and bulk cargo, RORO, livestock, and building materials during the same period accounted for 216,466 tonnes, 9,566 units, 7,682 heads, and 11,362 tonnes, respectively,” informed Mwani Qatar.

It is worth mentioning that Qatar recently won the “Favourite Cruise Destination” title at the “2025 Wave Awards,” one of the United Kingdom’s leading events celebrating the cruise and travel industry. The recognition further reflects the Gulf nation’s growing status as a premier global cruise destination, supported by favourable factors like advanced infrastructure, rich cultural attractions, and high-quality visitor experiences.

“The announcement follows the launch of Qatar’s 2025-2026 cruise season, which began with the arrival of the luxury cruise ship MSC Euribia at the Doha Port. Qatar expects to welcome 72 cruise calls this season, including 40 transit stops, 15 turnaround trips, and three maiden calls,” reported The Peninsula.

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The Dammam Integrated Logistics Zone represents an investment of up to SAR 1.3 billion (USD 346 million), while offering features like modular warehousing, cold chain and vehicle storage, re-export and light manufacturing zones, dedicated areas for petrochemical products, e-commerce storage, and container handling.

“Linked directly to SGP Container Terminals, SGP Multipurpose Terminals and SGP Intermodal (the Riyadh Dry Port Ecosystem), the zone aims to provide an integrated trade solution connecting sea, land, and industrial logistics for domestic and international customers,” reported Port Technology International.

The Eastern Province Governor also inaugurated the newly completed expansion works at the port’s Second Container Terminal, which increased its capacity from 2.5 million TEUs (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units) to 3.8 million TEUs. The SAR 1.5 billion (USD 400 million) project also extended Berth 44 by 225 metres, raising the total quay length to 925 metres and enabling the terminal to accommodate two ultra-large vessels simultaneously.

“The two projects, representing total private-sector investments exceeding SAR 2.8 billion (USD 747 million), are expected to boost throughput capacity, improve service quality and increase integration between King Abdulaziz Port and the Riyadh Dry Port through smoother sea-rail cargo transfers,” the Mawani statement said.

Eng. Abdullah Al Zamil, Chairman of the Board of SGP, during the occasion, said, “The expansion of Terminal 2 and launch of SGP Freezones reflects SGP’s commitment to be future-ready and deliver the world-class infrastructure that strengthens the Kingdom’s logistics competitiveness. As one of the national champions for ports and logistics, SGP is proud to help position the Kingdom as a leading global logistics hub and a true gateway to growth, in alignment with Vision 2030.”

“The inauguration of Terminal 2 and the groundbreaking of the Dammam Integrated Logistics Zone represent more than the physical expansion of infrastructure. They reflect our belief in Saudi Arabia’s trade potential and our commitment to meeting the growing demand. At SGP, we are creating a connected port ecosystem that will drive efficiency, capacity, and sustainable growth for years to come. We extend our sincere appreciation to Mawani and the other key government partners for their continued support and shared dedication to promoting trade diversification, job creation, and supply chain resilience throughout the Kingdom,” SGP CEO Rob Harrison noted.

The post SGP starts work on USD 347 million integrated logistics park in King Abdulaziz Port appeared first on International Finance.

Brent crude futures dropped 58 cents, or 0.9%, to USD 63.81 a barrel, while US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures were trading at USD 59.50 a barrel, down 59 cents, or 1.0% from 14th November’s close. Both benchmarks rose more than 2% to end the November mid-week with a modest gain, after exports were suspended at Novorossiysk and a neighbouring Caspian Pipeline Consortium terminal, affecting the equivalent of 2% of global supply.

Novorossiysk port resumed oil loadings on November 16, stated media reports and LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group) data. However, Ukraine’s stepped-up attacks on Russia’s oil infrastructure remain in focus for further possible disruptions. While a Reuters report claims that the incident crippled two oil berths at Novorossiysk, two tankers — the Suezmax class Arlan and Aframax class Rodos — are now doing the loading duty.

“Investors are trying to gauge how Ukraine’s attacks will affect Russia’s crude exports in the long term, while also locking in profits after last Friday’s rally. Overall, the perception of oversupply from OPEC+ production increases remains,” said Toshitaka Tazawa, an analyst at Fujitomi Securities, while adding that WTI is likely to stay near USD 60, fluctuating within a USD 5 range.

Investors are also monitoring the impact of Western sanctions on Russian supply and trade flows. The United States imposed sanctions banning deals with Russian oil companies Lukoil and Rosneft after November 21 to push Moscow toward peace talks and stop the Ukraine campaign, which started in 2022.

The attack on Novorossiysk, Russia’s largest Black Sea export hub, was the most damaging Ukrainian attack to date on Russia’s main Black Sea crude export infrastructure. The facility accounts for about a fifth of Moscow’s crude exports, and a long shutdown would have forced costly shuttering of oil wells in West Siberia, a step that would have significantly reduced the amount of oil sent to international markets by the world’s second-largest exporter.

Ukraine has been conducting frequent drone and missile attacks on Russian refineries, oil depots and pipelines. Despite that, as per Reuters, Russia’s oil processing has fallen just 3% in 2025. Russian crude oil shipments via Novorossiysk’s Sheskharis terminal totalled 3.22 million tonnes, or 761,000 barrels a day, in October, according to industry sources. A total of 1.794 million tonnes of oil products were reportedly exported through Novorossiysk in October.

In the United States, the ruling Republicans are working on legislation that will impose sanctions on any country doing business with Russia, with President Donald Trump even indicating that Iran may get added to that list. In early November, OPEC+ agreed to increase December output targets by 137,000 barrels per day, the same as for October and November. The energy exporters cartel also agreed to a pause in increases in the first quarter of 2026.

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